Brstjjy

Trøndelag fylke Trööndelagen fylhkenttjïelte
County
Seierstad in July 2007
Coat of arms
Trøndelag within Norway
Coordinates: 63°25′37″N 10°23′35″E / 63.42694°N 10.39306°E / 63.42694; 10.39306Coordinates: 63°25′37″N 10°23′35″E / 63.42694°N 10.39306°E / 63.42694; 10.39306
Country	Norway
County	Trøndelag
Region	Central Norway
County ID	NO-50
Administrative centre	Steinkjer
Government
• Governor	Frank Jenssen   H   (2018–present)
• County mayor	Tore O. Sandvik   Ap   (2018–present)
Area
• Total	41,260 km2 (15,930 sq mi)
Area rank	#2 in Norway, % of Norway's land area
Population (2017[1])
• Total	454,596
• Rank	5 (8.6% of country)
• Density	11/km2 (29/sq mi)
• Change (10 years)	0 %
Demonym(s)	Trønder
Time zone	UTC+01 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02 (CEST)
Website	www.trondelagfylke.no
Data from Statistics Norway

Trøndelag (Urban East Norwegian pronunciation: [²trœnːdəˌlɑːɡ])^[2][3] is a county in the central part of Norway. It was created on 1 January 2018 with the merger of the former counties of Nord-Trøndelag and Sør-Trøndelag, which had been separated into two counties in 1804. Trøndelag county and the neighboring Møre og Romsdal county together form what is known as Central Norway.

A person from Trøndelag is called a trønder. The largest city in Trøndelag is the city of Trondheim. The administrative centre of the county is Steinkjer, but Trondheim functions as a secondary administrative centre. This is to make the county more efficient and not too centralized, as Trøndelag is the second largest county in Norway.

The old Trondhjems amt county was divided into two administrative counties in 1804 by the King of Denmark-Norway. In 2016, the two county councils voted to merge into a single county in 2018.^[4][5]

The dialect spoken in the area, trøndersk, is characterized by dropping out most vowel endings; see apocope.

Trøndelag is one of the most fertile regions of Norway, with large agricultural output. The majority of the production ends up in the Norwegian cooperative system for meat and milk, but farm produce is a steadily growing business.

Name

The Old Norse form of the name was Þrǿndalǫg. The first element is the genitive plural of þrǿndr which means "person from Trøndelag", while the second is lǫg (plural of lag which means "law; district/people with a common law" (compare Danelaw, Gulaþingslǫg and Njarðarlǫg). A parallel name for the same district was Þróndheimr which means "the homeland (heim) of the þrǿndr".^[6]Þróndheimr may be older since the first element has a stem form without umlaut.

History

People have lived in this region for thousands of years. In the early iron-age Trøndelag was divided into several petty kingdoms called fylki. The different fylki had a common law, and an early parliament or thing. It was called Frostating and was held at the Frosta-peninsula. By some this is regarded as the first real democracy.

In the time after Håkon Grjotgardsson (838-900), Trøndelag was ruled by the Jarl of Lade. Lade is located in the eastern part of Trondheim, bordering the Trondheimsfjord. The powerful Jarls of Lade continued to play a very significant political role in Norway up to 1030.

Jarls of Lade (Ladejarl) were:

• 
  Håkon Grjotgardsson, the first jarl of Lade.


• 
  Sigurd Håkonsson, son of Håkon. Killed by Harald Greyhide.


• 
  Håkon Sigurdsson, son of Sigurd. Conspired with Harald Bluetooth against Harald Greyhide, and subsequently became vassal of Harald Bluetooth, and in reality independent ruler of Norway. After the arrival of Olaf Trygvason, Håkon quickly lost all support, and was killed by his own slave, Tormod Kark, in 995.


• 
  Eirik Håkonsson, son of Håkon. Together with his brother, Svein, governor of Norway under Sweyn Forkbeard of Denmark from 1000 to 1012.


• 
  Håkon Eiriksson, son of Eirik. Governor of Norway under Sweyn Forkbeard of Denmark from 1012 to 1015.

Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim

Trøndelag (together with parts of Møre og Romsdal) was briefly ceded in 1658 to Sweden in the Treaty of Roskilde and was ruled by king Charles X until it was returned to Denmark-Norway after the Treaty of Copenhagen in 1660. During that time, the Swedes conscripted 2,000 men in Trøndelag, forcing young boys down to 15 years of age to join the Swedish armies fighting against Poland and Brandenburg. Charles X feared the Trønders would rise against their Swedish occupiers, and thought it wise to keep a large part of the men away. Only about one third of the men ever returned to their homes; some of them were forced to settle in the then Swedish province of Estonia, as the Swedes thought it would be easier to rule the Trønders there, utilising the ancient maxim of divide and rule.^[9]

In the fall of 1718, during the Great Northern War, General Carl Gustaf Armfeldt was ordered by king Charles XII of Sweden to lead a Swedish army of 10,000 men into Trøndelag and take Trondheim. Because of his poor supply lines back to Sweden, Armfeldt's army had to live off the land, causing great suffering to the people of the region. Armfeldt's campaign failed: the defenders of Trondheim succeeded in repelling his siege. After Charles XII was killed in the siege of Fredriksten in Norway's southeast, Armfeldt was ordered back into Sweden. During the ensuing retreat, his 6,000 surviving threadbare and starving Caroleans were caught in a fierce blizzard. Thousands of Caroleans froze to death in the Norwegian mountains, and hundreds more were crippled for life.^[10]

Traditional Trøndelag house

Government

The county is governed by the Trøndelag County Municipality. The town of Steinkjer is the seat of the county governor and county administration. Both the county governor and Trøndelag County Municipality, however, also have offices in Trondheim.

The county oversees the 41 upper secondary schools, including nine private schools. Six of the schools have more than 1000 students: four in Trondheim plus the Steinkjer Upper Secondary School and the Ole Vig Upper Secondary Schoo in Stjørdalshalsen. The county has ten Folk high schools, with an eleventh folk high school being possibly being opened in Røros, with a possible start in 2019.^[11]

Districts

The county is often sub-divided into several geographical regions:

• 
  Namdal, the greater Namsen river valley


• 
  Fosen, the Fosen peninsula and surrounding areas


• 
  Innherred, the areas surrounding the inner Trondheimsfjorden
  


• 
  Stjørdalen, the Stjørdalen valley


• 
  Trondheim Region, the areas surrounding the large city of Trondheim
  


• 
  Gauldalen, the Gaula river valley


• 
  Orkdalen, the Orklaelva river valley

Towns and cities

There are nine towns/cities in Trøndelag, plus the "mining town" of Røros.

• 
  Trondheim (in Trondheim municipality)


• 
  Steinkjer (in Steinkjer municipality)


• 
  Stjørdalshalsen (in Stjørdal municipality)


• 
  Levanger (in Levanger municipality)


• 
  Namsos (in Namsos municipality)


• 
  Verdalsøra (in Verdal municipality)


• 
  Orkanger (in Orkdal municipality)


• 
  Brekstad (in Ørland municipality)


• 
  Kolvereid (in Nærøy municipality)


• 
  Bergstaden Røros (in Røros municipality)

Municipalities

There are 47 municipalities (in 2018) in Trøndelag county.

Name	Map	Adm. Center	Population (2017)[1]	District	Number [12]
Trondheim		Trondheim	7005190464000000000♠190,464	Trondheim Region	5001
Steinkjer		Steinkjer	7004219720000000000♠21,972	Innherred	5004
Namsos		Namsos	7004130510000000000♠13,051	Namdalen	5005
Hemne		Kyrksæterøra	7003425900000000000♠4,259	Orkdalen	5011
Snillfjord		Krokstadøra	7002982000000000000♠982	Orkdalen	5012
Hitra		Fillan	7003465900000000000♠4,659	Orkdalen	5013
Frøya		Sistranda	7003493700000000000♠4,937	Orkdalen	5014
Ørland		Brekstad	7003529100000000000♠5,291	Fosen	5015
Agdenes		Lensvik	7003171100000000000♠1,711	Orkdalen	5016
Bjugn		Botngård	7003482200000000000♠4,822	Fosen	5017
Åfjord		Årnes	7003326300000000000♠3,263	Fosen	5018
Roan		Roan	7002959000000000000♠959	Fosen	5019
Osen		Steinsdalen	7002978000000000000♠978	Fosen	5020
Oppdal		Oppdal	7003697300000000000♠6,973	Orkdalen	5021
Rennebu		Berkåk	7003255600000000000♠2,556	Gauldalen	5022
Meldal		Meldal	7003396000000000000♠3,960	Gauldalen	5023
Orkdal		Orkanger	7004119810000000000♠11,981	Trondheim Region	5024
Røros		Røros	7003562300000000000♠5,623	Gauldalen	5025
Holtålen		Renbygda	7003204600000000000♠2,046	Gauldalen	5026
Midtre Gauldal		Støren	7003631900000000000♠6,319	Gauldalen	5027
Melhus		Melhus	7004162130000000000♠16,213	Orkdalen	5028
Skaun		Børsa	7003800000000000000♠8,000	Trondheim Region	5029
Klæbu		Klæbu	7003605000000000000♠6,050	Trondheim Region	5030
Malvik		Hommelvik	7004138200000000000♠13,820	Trondheim Region	5031
Selbu		Mebonden	7003409800000000000♠4,098	Stjørdalen	5032
Tydal		Ås	7002861000000000000♠861	Stjørdalen	5033
Meråker		Midtbygda	7003250900000000000♠2,509	Stjørdalen	5034
Stjørdal		Stjørdalshalsen	7004236250000000000♠23,625	Stjørdalen	5035
Frosta		Frosta	7003263000000000000♠2,630	Stjørdalen	5036
Levanger		Levanger	7004198920000000000♠19,892	Innherred	5037
Verdal		Verdalsøra	7004148490000000000♠14,849	Innherred	5038
Verran		Malm	7003251500000000000♠2,515	Innherred	5039
Namdalseid		Namdalseid	7003159300000000000♠1,593	Namdalen	5040
Snåsa		Snåsa	7003215900000000000♠2,159	Namdalen	5041
Lierne		Sandvika	7003138900000000000♠1,389	Namdalen	5042
Røyrvik		Røyrvik	7002469000000000000♠469	Namdalen	5043
Namsskogan		Namsskogan	7002872000000000000♠872	Namdalen	5044
Grong		Medjå	7003246700000000000♠2,467	Namdalen	5045
Høylandet		Høylandet	7003126400000000000♠1,264	Namdalen	5046
Overhalla		Ranemsletta	7003384000000000000♠3,840	Namdalen	5047
Fosnes		Dun	7002628000000000000♠628	Namdalen	5048
Flatanger		Lauvsnes	7003109000000000000♠1,090	Namdalen	5049
Vikna		Rørvik	7003441800000000000♠4,418	Namdalen	5050
Nærøy		Kolvereid	7003513800000000000♠5,138	Namdalen	5051
Leka		Leknes	7002584000000000000♠584	Namdalen	5052
Inderøy		Straumen	7003680000000000000♠6,800	Innherred	5053
Indre Fosen		Årnset	7004101080000000000♠10,108	Fosen	5054
Trøndelag		Steinkjer	7005454596000000000♠454,596	Trøndelag	50

Culture

Arts

The region's official theatre is the Trøndelag Teater in Trondheim.^[13] At Stiklestad in Verdal, the historical play called The Saint Olav Drama has been played each year since 1954. It depicts the last days of Saint Olaf.

Jazz on a very high level is frequently heard in Trondheim, due to the high-level jazz education in Trondheim. Trondheim is also the national centre of rock music; the popular music museum Rockheim opened there in 2010. Trøndelag is also known for its local variety of rock music, often performed in local dialect, called "trønderrock".

Food and drink

The region is popularly known for its moonshine homebrew, called karsk. Although officially prohibited, the art of producing as pure home-made spirits as possible still has a strong following in parts of Trøndelag. Traditionally served mixed with coffee, local variations apply. In southern regions, people tend to use normal filter coffee, while in the north they choose to serve karsk with as weak coffee as possible.

The "official dish" of the region is sodd which is made from sheep or beef meat and meatballs in boiled stock. The Norwegian Grey Troender sheep is an endangered breed of domesticated sheep that originated from Trøndelag in the late 19th century. There are currently approximately 50 individual animals remaining and efforts are being made to revive the breed.

See also

• Demographics of Trøndelag

References

External links

• 
  Trøndelag travel guide from Wikivoyage


• Facts about Trøndelag from Mid-Norway European office


• Insular artefacts from Viking-Age burials from mid-Norway. A review of contact between Trøndelag and Britain and Ireland