有翅亞綱

Multi tool use
有翅亞綱 化石时期:晚石炭紀–現代
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蜜蜂
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科学分类 
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界: |
动物界 Animalia
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门: |
节肢动物门 Arthropoda
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纲: |
昆虫纲 Insecta
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(未分级): |
双髁类 Dicondylia
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亚纲: |
有翅亞綱 Pterygota
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有翅亞綱(学名:Pterygota)是所有有翅膀的昆虫的总类,其中也包括在进化过程中失去了飞行能力和翅膀(比如跳蚤)。这个亚纲包括昆虫中的大多数物种,仅石蛃目和衣鱼目动物是今天尚存的、比较原始的、还没有翅膀的昆虫(无翅亚纲)。
由于翅膀的发展需要一系列形态和生理学的变化,因此我们可以假设这个过程在昆虫进化过程中只发生过一次,也就是说所有有翅亞綱的动物拥有一个共同的祖先。
翅膀的结构和发展
昆虫的翅膀是非常薄的、被气管贯穿的甲壳素。它们可能是由所有三个胸环的边片变平演变出来的。今天的昆虫只有两对翅膀,分别位于胸环的第二和第三环上。在古昆虫Stenodictya的化石中还可以看得到位于第一胸环上的翅膀似的结构。
为翅膀提供氧气的气管是从足气管分离出来的。由于翅膀是从体壁上复制产生的,因此这两个结构中的气管网也相同。翅膀与胸环通过关节相连。蜻蛉目动物的肌肉直接控制这个关节。大多数昆虫的翅膀则是通过胸环的鼓胀和收缩来运动的。运动翅膀的肌肉附着在胸环上通过形成甲壳素基础,这也是有翅亞綱动物新的结构。
发育
有翅亞綱昆虫的一个特征是它们的变态,它们的幼虫时期没有翅膀。有些昆虫通过脱皮逐渐变态(不完全变态),有些则通过蛹的阶段完全变态。
外部链接
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维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源:有翅亞綱
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