Crystal, A dictionary of linguistics and phonetics, 4th edition. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers.
Culicover, P. and R. Jackendoff. 2005. Simpler syntax. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Gibbs, R. 1987. "Linguistic factors in children's understanding of idioms". Journal of Child Language, 14, 569–586.
Jackendoff, R. 1997. The architecture of the language faculty. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Jurafsky, D. and J. Martin. 2008. Speech and language processing: An introduction to natural language processing, computational linguistics, and speech recognition. Dorling Kindersley (India): Pearson Education, Inc.
Leaney, C. 2005. In the know: Understanding and using idioms. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Mel’čuk, I. 1995. "Phrasemes in language and phraseology in linguistics". In M. Everaert, E.-J. van der Linden, A. Schenk and R. Schreuder (eds.), Idioms: Structural and psychological perspectives, 167–232. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum.
O’Grady, W. 1998. "The syntax of idioms". Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 16, 79–312.
Osborne, T. and T. Groß 2012. "Constructions are catenae: Construction Grammar meets Dependency Grammar". Cognitive Linguistics 23, 1, 163–214.
Portner, P. 2005. What is meaning?: Fundamentals of formal semantics. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
Radford, A. English syntax: An introduction. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Saeed, J. 2003. Semantics. 2nd edition. Oxford: Blackwell.
外部連結
查询維基詞典中的idiom、Category:Idioms by language或者Category:English idioms。
The Idioms – Online English idioms dictionary.
babelite.org – Online cross-language idioms dictionary in English, Spanish, French and Portuguese.
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