熟语

Multi tool use
Multi tool use




熟语[1]，又称习语（idiom），是由词或语素（外語單音節，漢語單字一音）构成的常用而定型的现成语句，是大于词的语文单位，但又具有词的特性。熟语是短语或句子，但又与一般临时自由组合而成的短语或句子不同；它是经过人群长期沿用，结构基本定型，不能随意改动其组成部分的一种用语或文句。熟语主要包括成语、惯用语、歇后语及谚语。


除了一般地區性的慣常用口語外，成语、歇后语及谚语多有发人深省；启发思维；警示世人的作用。




目录






  • 1 分类


  • 2 参考資料


  • 3 參考文獻


  • 4 外部連結





分类


熟语可分为惯用语、成语、谚语、歇后语、格言等几类。[2]




  • 惯用语：惯用语是口语中一种短小定型，意义有所引申的习用性短语。汉语中的惯用语一般为三字格式，多为动宾结构，如：打白条、拍马屁等；也有偏正结构的，如：替罪羊、一刀切等。（参见条目：惯用语）


  • 成语：是一种人们长期使用，具有书面语色彩的固定短语。汉语的成语一般是四字格式，但也有少量的三字或五字以上格式的。（参见条目：成语）


  • 谚语：是人民群众口头流传的通俗而含义深刻的固定语句。谚语一般是人们对生活经验的精避总结，一般都能揭示客观事理，富于教育意义。例如“有钱能使鬼推磨”等。[來源請求]


  • 歇后语：由前后两部分构成的固定性口语。前一部分是比喻或隐语；后一部分是对前一部分的说明解释，是表达意义的重要部分。两部分之间有间歇，间歇之后的一部分常常不说出来，好让人猜想它的含义，所以人们将之叫作“歇后语”或“俏皮话”。参见条目：歇后语）


  • 格言：具有教育意义的警句。一般出于名人之手，並且在群众中广泛流传的句子。



参考資料





  1. ^ 存档副本. [2009-08-11]. （原始内容存档于2012-05-12）.  熟语是习用的词的固定组合，语义结合紧密、语音和谐，……是语言中独立运用的词汇单位，它包括成语、谚语、歇后语和惯用语。


  2. ^ 汉典对熟语的解释




參考文獻


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  • Crystal, A dictionary of linguistics and phonetics, 4th edition. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers.

  • Culicover, P. and R. Jackendoff. 2005. Simpler syntax. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

  • Gibbs, R. 1987. "Linguistic factors in children's understanding of idioms". Journal of Child Language, 14, 569–586.

  • Jackendoff, R. 1997. The architecture of the language faculty. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

  • Jurafsky, D. and J. Martin. 2008. Speech and language processing: An introduction to natural language processing, computational linguistics, and speech recognition. Dorling Kindersley (India): Pearson Education, Inc.

  • Leaney, C. 2005. In the know: Understanding and using idioms. New York: Cambridge University Press.

  • Mel’čuk, I. 1995. "Phrasemes in language and phraseology in linguistics". In M. Everaert, E.-J. van der Linden, A. Schenk and R. Schreuder (eds.), Idioms: Structural and psychological perspectives, 167–232. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum.

  • O’Grady, W. 1998. "The syntax of idioms". Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 16, 79–312.

  • Osborne, T. and T. Groß 2012. "Constructions are catenae: Construction Grammar meets Dependency Grammar". Cognitive Linguistics 23, 1, 163–214.

  • Portner, P. 2005. What is meaning?: Fundamentals of formal semantics. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.

  • Radford, A. English syntax: An introduction. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

  • Saeed, J. 2003. Semantics. 2nd edition. Oxford: Blackwell.




外部連結





查询維基詞典中的idiom、Category:Idioms by language或者Category:English idioms。



  • The Idioms – Online English idioms dictionary.


  • babelite.org – Online cross-language idioms dictionary in English, Spanish, French and Portuguese.
















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主要術語


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詞彙單元


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語義關連


  • 反义词

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  • 熟语

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