绝罚
Multi tool use
絕罰（拉丁語：Excommunicatio，字面上的意思是斷絕來往），又譯破門律[1]，俗稱驅逐出教、逐出教会，現在該詞主要被天主教所使用，是该教所有懲罰中最嚴厲的一種。據天主教教義，被絕罰之人將與教會隔離，沒有教會所予之救贖[2] 。
絕罰的等級
依照天主教的《天主教法典》中之規定，絕罰有兩種等級上的差異：第一個等級為主教保留級，意指該絕罰可由各區主教層級（或以上層級）的神職人員取消之；第二個等級為教宗保留級，便是指該絕罰只能由教宗本人取消。另外，現任教宗可以取消前任教宗所給予的絕罰，並且沒有任何時間限制。而絕罰的種類有兩種，一種是大絕罰（Major Excommunication），即被逐出教會外並不得領受任何聖事。另一種是小絕罰（Minor Excommunication），受罰者仍是教徒，但不能領聖體。
实际使用
2014年，由於一名三歲幼童冤死於黑手黨的交火，羅馬天主教會教宗方濟各在意大利宣佈，將所有黑手黨成員處以破門律，逐出教會。[3]
- 2018年9月，中国政府与罗马教廷签署临时协议后，教廷重新接纳8名自选自圣的中国主教，解除绝罚（参见：中華人民共和國與梵蒂岡關係#方濟各繼任後）。
参考文献
^ 《世界史手册》1988 ，丁建弘, 孙仁宗，浙江人民出版社。P.307天主教会规定对参与异端、闹分裂者，对教皇人身施以暴行及参加为教会组织禁止的秘密团体者，处以破门律。
^ 天特會議中絕罰／咒詛的意思，第13节. [2010-03-05]. （原始内容存档于2009-01-09）.
^ 教宗宣布將黑手黨逐出教會
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绝罚是一個與天主教相關的小作品。你可以通过編輯或修訂擴充其內容。
