杜松

Multi tool use

本文介紹的是一位明朝將領。關於同名的事物,請見「
杜松 (消歧義)」。
杜松,(?-1619年4月15日),字來清,明朝陝西榆林人。為明朝大將。勇健絕倫,塞外民族皆稱其為“杜太師”[1]。為明朝大將杜桐之弟。
生平
杜松,號稱“杜黑子”。交鋒時擄起兩臂,烏黑如漆,持著金刀亂斫。杜松有勇無謀,為人粗蠻鹵莽,作戰時身先士卒,遇事不如意即自毀甲冑,聲稱欲削髮為僧。萬曆三十六年(1608年)夏,官为总兵,接替李成梁镇辽东。期間曾因戰败而要自杀,还焚毁所有甲胄器仗,被朝廷勒令还乡。後來再被起用為總兵,參與討伐建州女真努爾哈赤。
萬曆四十七年(1619),楊鎬分兵四路,由四個總兵官率領,進攻赫圖阿拉。中路左翼是山海關總兵杜松;中路右翼是遼東總兵李如柏;北路是開原總兵馬林;南路是遼陽總兵劉鋌。楊鎬本人坐鎮沈陽,指揮全局。杜松急於立功,踏雪冒進,四月十四日在蘇子河匯入渾河附近渡河。至薩爾滸(今遼寧撫順東渾河南)遇伏,吉林崖下杜松被努爾哈赤之子貝勒賴慕布射殺,明軍大亂,全軍覆沒。十五日,努爾哈赤率領八旗主力,攻破北路明軍營壘。北路主將馬林大敗,單騎逃回開原。楊鎬得知兩路兵敗,急檄李如柏、劉鋌兩軍。然劉鋌已深入三百里,身中埋伏亦戰死。中路右翼李如柏接到經略楊鎬的撤兵命令,急忙撤退。薩爾滸之戰後,朝议多咎杜松轻进。
天啟年間追赠少保左都督,世廕千户,立祠赐祭。
注釋
^ 《明史纪事本末》记载:“松,榆林人,守陕西与胡骑大小百余战,无不克捷,敌人畏之,呼为杜太师而不名。”
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