鹗






















 

如何讀生物分類框
鹗

OspreyNASA.jpg


保护状况


Status iucn3.1 LC zh.svg
无危（IUCN 3.1）[1]


科學分類






























界：
动物界 Animalia
門：
脊索动物门 Chordata
綱：
鸟纲 Aves
目：
鷹形目 Accipitriformes
科：
鹗科 Pandionidae
屬：
鶚屬 Pandion
種：
鹗 P. haliaetus


二名法

Pandion haliaetus
(Linnaeus, 1758)

魚鷹的分布範圍
魚鷹的分布範圍


鹗（學名：Pandion haliaetus）又名䲹、鱼鹰，是一种善于捕鱼的猛禽。鹗属于鹗科，是該科僅有的兩個物種之一（另一個物種為可能和魚鷹為同一種的東部魚鷹（英语：Eastern Osprey））。




目录






  • 1 特徵


  • 2 習性


  • 3 分佈


  • 4 生存威脅


  • 5 参考





特徵


嘴黑色，頭白色，頂上有黑褐色細縱斑；背部大致暗褐色，尾羽有黑褐色橫斑；腹部為白色，胸部有赤褐色的縱斑。飛行時，雙翼呈狹長型，翼下為白色。



習性


鹗主要出現在水庫、湖泊、溪流、河川、魚塘、海邊等水域環境，主要以魚類為食。常在天氣晴朗之日，盤旋於水面上空，定點後俯衝而下，再將捕獲的魚帶至岩石、電桿、樹上等地方享用。



分佈


除了南極和北極，亞洲、北美洲等各大洲均有分佈。



生存威脅


近年來由於農藥使用過多，透過食物鏈的關係，導致鹗蛋的蛋殼逐漸變薄，不易孵化。目前各國政府都已規定禁止獵捕鹗。



参考





  1. ^ Pandion haliaetus. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018.1. International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2016 [1 October 2016].  数据库資料包含說明此物種被編入無危級別的原因









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