密續

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密續(英语:Tantras),音譯為「怛特羅」,佛教術語,它原是怛特羅密教教典的一類,後來被秘密大乘佛教採用,作為密宗經典的名稱。印度教性力派的经典也叫怛特罗。
釋義
怛特羅,原義為線、線的延伸或編織,義譯為「續」。它原是印度教教典的一類,宣稱直接來自濕婆,在師徒間秘密傳授。後來這個名詞被秘密大乘佛教採用,取代原先的「修多羅」(義譯為「經」),作為他們傳承的教典名稱。在傳統漢傳佛教中,此類經典多被譯作「經」或「教」,但這容易跟修多羅混淆,認為它們是同一類的經典。現代漢譯者,多仿效藏傳佛教,將其譯為「續」。在藏傳佛教中,伏藏這類的經典,也是密續的一種。
密教信奉者認為,密續的內容,是由佛陀、菩薩、或是印度教神祇,通過神秘方式,對某些上師進行直接的一对一方式教授,之後再被寫成書面。密續只能通過上師,傳給少数被認為有資格學習的信徒,但是不能公開給其他人。在接受密續傳承之前,必須先宣誓終身效忠上師,接受灌頂,以及保證絕對不外洩相關內容。
密續包括了儀式、咒語、修行方法,以及大乘佛教的義理,內容極為龐雜,也不一定被所有的佛教宗派承認它的正統地位。
分類
依密續的內容,漢傳佛教將其分為三部,雜密、胎藏界、金剛界。
藏傳佛教,依據宗喀巴大師《密宗道次第廣論》,分為四部:事續(所作怛特羅) 、行續(行怛特羅)、 瑜伽續(瑜伽怛特羅)、無上瑜伽續(無上瑜伽怛特羅)。漢傳的三部,與藏傳的前三部相當:雜密,相當於事續;胎藏界,相當於行續;金剛界,則相當於瑜伽續。無上瑜伽續經典大多未傳入漢傳佛教。
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