奥斯卡·德·尼格里

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弗朗索瓦·奥斯卡·德·尼格里(法语:François Oscar de Négrier;1839年10月2日-1913年8月22日)法兰西第三共和国将领。
出生于法国贝尔福,在普法战争期间在巴赞元帅率领的莱茵军里效力。巴赞在梅斯投降后,许多下属军官都放下了武器,尼格里却逃回法国,与法军一起守卫剩下的国土。
1884年,尼格里被派往北圻(今越南北部),成为北圻远征队第二旅旅长。北圻远征期间,参与攻占北宁(3月)和夺取兴化(4月)的战斗。7月,因清军与法军在北黎的观音桥附近发生冲突(观音桥事变),米乐中将派遣杜然中校前去攻打清军,尼格里也随军前往。这次冲突是中法战争的导火索。
10月,率三个纵队参加该普之战,击败清军广西兵右翼。尼格里左脚受伤并落马;他的部队误以为他已被杀,但仍作战英勇并将清军击退。翌年1月,他奉波里也中将之命,率部袭破谅山,切断北黎地区清军的退路;随后乘胜追击,攻破同登,并捣毁镇南关。
然而不久后,波里也在宣光被清军和黑旗军包围,被迫弃城逃往河内。尼格里所守的谅山成为孤城。尼格里试图扭转战局,率部1500人攻打镇南关,遭清军冯子才部击败,是为镇南关之役。
1885年3月28日的奇驴之战中,尼格里所率法军本可以大胜,但尼格里胸部中弹而重伤,其副将赫本哲惊慌失措而撤退,导致法军的战败,被迫抛弃谅山等地。赫本哲也被清军杀死。
尼格里迅速从受伤中恢复,并在中法战争结束后的5月,被任命为北圻远征队第二师师长,第一师师长则是他原先的上司波里也。可尔西中将接任远征军总司令之职,但尼格里与他关系并不融洽。在清剿北圻的残余势力时,尼格里的不少部下得了霍乱。
在1905年日俄战争期间,尼格里担任日军的军事顾问。著有《日俄战争的教训》(Lessons from the Russo-Japanese War)一书。
 中法戰爭
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背景 |
- 法蘭西殖民帝國
- 法越關係
- 中法關係
- 法屬印度支那
- 北圻遠征
- 中法会议简明条款
- 北圻远征纪念勋章
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軍事與政治 發展 |
- 河內戰役
- 馬江海戰
- 基隆戰役
- 甲镇战役
- 滬尾登陸戰
- Yu Oc战役
- 宣光之役
- Núi Bop战役
- 石浦海戰
- 谅山之役
- 同登之役
- 鎮海之戰
- 和木之战
- Phu Lam Tao战役
- 鎮南關之役
- 谅山撤退
- 东京风波
- 澎湖之役 (1885年)
- 中法新約
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法方 |
- 孤拔
- 马克-埃德蒙·多米内
- 雅克·迪舍納
- 利士比
- 奧斯卡·德·尼格里
- 茹費理
- 波里也
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中方 |
- 刘永福
- 劉銘傳
- 唐景崧
- 冯子才
- 李鴻章
- 曾紀澤
- 張佩綸
- 慈禧太后
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軍隊 |
- 北洋水師
- 福建水師
- 廣東水師
- 南洋水師
- 黑旗軍
- 远东中队
- 北圻远征军
- 北圻舰队
- 北圻步兵军团
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