拉曼效应

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拉曼效应(英语:Raman effect),也称拉曼散射(Raman scattering),一種光子的非彈性散射現象,1928年由印度物理学家錢德拉塞卡拉·拉曼发现,指光波在被散射后频率发生变化的现象。
當光線從一個原子或分子散射出來時,絕大多數的光子,都是彈性散射的,這稱為瑞利散射。在瑞利散射下,散射出來的光子,跟射入時的光子,它的能量、頻率與波長是相同的。然而,有一小部份散射的光子(大約是一千萬個光子中會出現一個),散射後的頻率會產生變化,通常是低於射入時的光子頻率,原因是入射光子和介質分子之間發生能量交換。這即是拉曼散射。
利用拉曼效應產生的雷射,稱為拉曼雷射。
拉曼散射可以分为两类:
1. 斯托克散射: 材料吸收能量,导致散射光子能量低于入射光子;
2. 非斯托克散射: 材料失去能量,导致散射光子能量高于入射光子。
外部链接
- Explanation from Hyperphysics in Astronomy section of gsu.edu
- Raman Spectroscopy - Tutorial
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- AAT: 300390579
- GND: 4176912-0
- NDL: 00569273
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