Marion Jones
Jones at the 2000 Olympics | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Personal information | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Born | (1975-10-12) October 12, 1975 Los Angeles, California, U.S. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Height | 5 ft 10 in (178 cm)[1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Weight | 150 lb (68 kg)[1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sport | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Country | United States | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sport | Track and field | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Event(s) | 100 meters, 200 meters, long jump | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Medal record
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Marion Lois Jones (born October 12, 1975), also known as Marion Jones-Thompson, is an American former world champion track and field athlete and a former professional basketball player for Tulsa Shock in the WNBA. She won three gold medals and two bronze medals at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia, but was later stripped of the titles after admitting to steroid use.[2][3] Jones did retain her three gold medals as a world champion from 1997 and 1999.
At the time of her admission and subsequent guilty plea, Marion Jones was one of the most famous athletes to be linked to the BALCO scandal.[4] The case against BALCO covered more than 20 top level athletes, including Jones's ex-husband, shot putter C.J. Hunter, and 100 m sprinter Tim Montgomery, the father of Jones' first child.
Contents
1 Personal life
2 Sports career
2.1 Track and field
2.1.1 Personal bests
2.1.2 Individual achievements
2.2 North Carolina statistics
2.3 WNBA
3 Top Speed film
4 Use of illicit performance-enhancing drugs
4.1 BALCO investigation
4.2 2006 EPO tests
4.3 Admission of lying during BALCO investigation
4.4 US Olympic Committee demands return of Olympic medals
4.5 Formal IOC disqualification
4.6 Financial troubles
4.7 Involvement in check fraud
4.8 Criminal sentencing
5 Notes
6 References
6.1 Other sources
7 External links
Personal life
Marion Jones was born to George Jones and his Belizean wife, Marion, in Los Angeles, California. She holds dual citizenship with the United States and Belize.[5] Her parents split when she was very young, and Jones's mother remarried a retired postal worker, Ira Toler, three years later. Toler became a stay-at-home dad to Jones and her older half-brother, Albert Kelly, until his sudden death in 1987.[6] Jones turned to sports as an outlet for her grief; running, pickup basketball games, and anything else her brother Albert was doing athletically.[6] By the age of 15 she was routinely dominating California high school athletics both on the track and the basketball court.
Jones is a 1997 graduate of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC). While there, she met and began dating one of the track coaches, shot putter C.J. Hunter. Hunter voluntarily resigned his position at UNC to comply with the requirements of university rules prohibiting coach–athlete dating. Jones and Hunter were married October 3, 1998, and trained for the Sydney 2000 Summer Olympics.
In the run-up to the 2000 Olympics, Jones declared that she intended to win gold medals in all five of her competition events at Sydney. Jones' husband, C.J. Hunter, had withdrawn from the shot-put competition for a knee injury, though he was allowed to keep his coaching credentials and attend the games to support his wife. However, just hours after Marion Jones won her first of the planned five golds, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) announced that Hunter had failed four pre-Olympic drug tests, testing positive each time for the banned anabolic steroid nandrolone. Hunter was immediately suspended from taking any role at the Sydney games, and he was ordered to surrender his on-field coaching credentials. At a press conference where Hunter broke down in tears, he denied taking any performance-enhancing drugs, much less the easily detected nandrolone (which showed up in all four tests in amounts over 1000 times normal levels);[7] Victor Conte of BALCO, who was regularly supplying "nutritional supplements" to athletes trained by Trevor Graham, blamed the test results on "an iron supplement" that contained nandrolone precursors[5] and tied previous positive nandrolone tests from Jamaican sprinter Merlene Ottey and British sprinter Linford Christie to the same supplement.[7] As late as 2004, Hunter was still denying the charges and was attempting to gain access to the results to see if they could be analyzed further.[8] Jones would later write in her autobiography, Marion Jones: Life in the Fast Lane, that Hunter's positive drug tests hurt their marriage and her image as a drug-free athlete. The couple divorced in 2002.
On June 28, 2003, Jones gave birth to a son (Tim Montgomery Jr.) with then-boyfriend Tim Montgomery, a world class sprinter himself. Because of her pregnancy, Jones missed the 2003 World Championships but spent a year preparing for the 2004 Olympics. Montgomery, who did not qualify for the 2004 Olympic Track and Field team for poor performance, was charged by the United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA), as part of the investigation into the BALCO doping scandal, with receiving and using banned performance-enhancing drugs. The USADA sought a four-year suspension for Montgomery. Montgomery fought the ban but lost the appeal on December 13, 2005, receiving a two-year ban from track and field competition; the Court for Arbitration of Sport (CAS) also stripped Montgomery of all race results, records and medals, from March 31, 2001 onward. Montgomery later announced his retirement. The investigation into Montgomery's illegal substance use once more called into question Jones' own protests about not using steroids and never having been tested positive for steroids, especially in light of former trainer Trevor Graham's increasingly visible role in the BALCO case.
On February 24, 2007, Jones married Barbadian sprinter and 2000 Olympic 100m bronze medalist Obadele Thompson.[9] Their first child together, a son named Ahmir, was born in June 2007.[10] She gave birth to daughter Eva-Marie on June 28, 2009.[11]
In 2010, Jones released a book, On the Right Track: From Olympic Downfall to Finding Forgiveness and the Strength to Overcome and Succeed, published by Simon & Schuster.[12]
Sports career
Track and field
In high school, Jones won the CIF California State Meet in the 100 m sprint four years in a row, representing Rio Mesa the first two years and Thousand Oaks high school the last two. She was successfully defended by attorney Johnnie Cochran on charges of doping during her high school track career.[13] She was selected the Gatorade Player of the Year for track and field three years in a row, once at Rio Mesa and twice at Thousand Oaks. Angela Burnham preceded her with the award at Rio Mesa, Kim Mortensen followed her with the award at Thousand Oaks. Those schools joined Jesuit High School (Sacramento) and Long Beach Polytechnic High School in having two athletes win the award. She was Track and Field News "High School Athlete of the Year" in 1991 and 1992. She was the third female athlete to achieve the title twice, immediately following Angela Burnham at Rio Mesa High School, who was the second to achieve the title twice.[14]
She was invited to participate in the 1992 Olympic trials, and, after her showing in the 200 meters finals, would have made the team as an alternate in the 4×100 meters relay, but she declined the invitation. After winning further statewide sprint titles, she accepted a full scholarship to the University of North Carolina in basketball, where she helped the team win the NCAA championship in her freshman year. Jones "red shirted" her 1996 basketball season to concentrate on track. Jones lost her spot on the 1996 Olympic team because of an injury.
She excelled at her first major international competition, winning the 100 m sprint at the 1997 World Championships in Athens, while finishing 10th in the long jump. At the 1999 World Championships, Jones attempted to win four titles, but injured herself in the 200 m after a gold in the 100 m and a long jump bronze.
At the Sydney Olympics Jones finished with three gold medals (100 metre sprint, 200 metre sprint and 4x400 relay) and two bronze medals (long jump and 4x100 relay). However, she was later stripped of these medals after admitting that she had used performance-enhancing drugs. Her ex-husband Hunter, an Olympic shot-putter and confessed steroid user, testified under oath that he had seen her inject drugs into her stomach in the Olympic Village in Sydney. Jones vehemently denied using performance-enhancing drugs until her confession in 2007.
A dominant force in women's sprinting, Jones was upset in the 100 m sprint at the 2001 World Championships, as Ukrainian Zhanna Pintusevich-Block beat her for her first loss in the event in six years; Pintusevich-Block was one of the names revealed by Victor Conte during the BALCO scandals. Jones, however, did claim the gold in both the 200 m and 4x100 m relay.
On her 2004 Olympics experience, Jones said "It's extremely disappointing, words can't put it into perspective."[15] She came in fifth in the Long Jump and competed in the women's 4x100 m relay where they swept past the competition in the preliminaries only to miss a baton pass in the final race. Jones promised that her latest defeat would not be the end of her Olympic efforts, and reasserted in May 2005 that winning a gold medal at the 2008 Olympics remained her "ultimate goal."
May 2006 saw Jones run 11.06 at altitude but into a headwind in her season debut and beat Veronica Campbell and Lauryn Williams in subsequent 100 m events. By July 8, 2006, Jones appeared to be in top form; she won the 100 m sprint at Gaz de France with a time of 10.93 seconds. It was her fastest time in almost four years. Three days later, Jones once more improved on her seasonal best time at the Rome IIAF Golden League (10.91 seconds), but lost to Jamaica's Sherone Simpson, who clocked 10.87.
Personal bests
Date | Event | Venue | Performance |
---|---|---|---|
September 12, 1998 | 100 m | Johannesburg, South Africa | 10.65A |
August 22, 1999 | 100 m | Seville, Spain | 10.70 |
September 11, 1998 | 200 m | Johannesburg, South Africa | 21.62A |
August 13, 1997 | 200 m | Zürich, Switzerland | 21.76 |
April 22, 2001 | 300 m | Walnut, California | 35.68 |
April 16, 2000 | 400 m | Walnut, California | 49.59 |
May 31, 1998 | Long Jump | Eugene, Oregon | 7.31 (23' 11¾") |
Individual achievements
Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representing the United States | |||||
1992 | World Junior Championships | Seoul, South Korea | 5th | 100m | 11.58 (wind: +0.3 m/s) |
7th | 200m | 24.09 (wind: +0.3 m/s) | |||
2nd | 4 × 100 m relay | 44.51 | |||
1997 | IAAF World Championships | Athens, Greece | 1st | 100 m | 10.83 |
10th | Long Jump | 6.63 m | |||
1998 | IAAF World Cup | Johannesburg, South Africa | 1st | 100 m | 10.65A |
1st | 200 m | 21.62A | |||
2nd | Long Jump | 7.00A (22' 11¾") | |||
1999 | IAAF World Championships | Sevilla, Spain | 1st | 100 m | 10.70 |
3rd | Long Jump | 6.83 (22 ft 5 in) | |||
2000 | 2000 Summer Olympics | Sydney, Australia | dq | 100 m | 10.75 |
dq | 200 m | 21.84 | |||
dq | Long Jump | 6.92 (22' 8½") | |||
2001 | IAAF World Championships | Edmonton, Canada | dq | 100 m | 10.85 |
dq | 200 m | 22.39 | |||
2002 | IAAF World Cup | Madrid, Spain | dq | 100 m | 10.90 |
- The IOC and IAAF stripped Jones of all medals, points and results received after September 1, 2000, after Jones admitted to using steroids prior to the 2000 Summer Olympics.[16]
North Carolina statistics
Source[17]
Legend | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
GP | Games played | GS | Games started | MPG | Minutes per game |
FG% | Field goal percentage | 3P% | 3-point field goal percentage | FT% | Free throw percentage |
RPG | Rebounds per game | APG | Assists per game | SPG | Steals per game |
BPG | Blocks per game | PPG | Points per game | Bold | Career high |
Year | Team | GP | Points | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
93-94 | North Carolina | 35 | 494 | 52.9% | 28.0% | 71.3% | 4.1 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 0.8 | 14.1 |
94-95 | North Carolina | 35 | 628 | 52.5% | 29.8% | 65.5% | 5.0 | 4.8 | 3.5 | 0.9 | 17.9 |
95-96 | North Carolina | redshirt | |||||||||
96-97 | North Carolina | 32 | 594 | 53.6% | 26.7% | 65.7% | 4.7 | 4.1 | 3.1 | 0.6 | 18.6 |
Career | 102 | 1716 | 53.0% | 28.4% | 67.0% | 4.6 | 4.0 | 3.3 | 0.8 | 16.8 |
WNBA
Personal information | |
---|---|
Born | (1975-10-12) October 12, 1975 Los Angeles, California |
Listed height | 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m) |
Listed weight | 150 lb (68 kg) |
Career information | |
High school | Thousand Oaks (Thousand Oaks, California) |
College | North Carolina (1993–1997) |
WNBA draft | 2003 / Round: 3 / Pick: 33rd overall |
Selected by the Phoenix Mercury | |
Playing career | 2010–2011 |
Position | Point guard |
Number | 20 |
Career history | |
2010–2011 | Tulsa Shock |
In November 2009, Jones was working out for the San Antonio Silver Stars of the WNBA. She had played basketball while in college at the University of North Carolina, where her team won the national championship in 1994. Her No. 20 jersey, honored by the school, hangs in Carmichael Auditorium. She had been selected in the 3rd round of the 2003 WNBA Draft by the Phoenix Mercury.[18] On March 10, 2010, the Tulsa Shock announced that Jones had signed to play with the team, making the professional minimum (about $35,000) in her first season.[19] Jones made her debut on May 15, in the Shock's inaugural game at the BOK Center against the Minnesota Lynx.[20] In 47 WNBA games, Jones averaged 2.6 points and 1.3 rebounds per game.
Jones was waived by the Shock on July 21, 2011.[21]
Top Speed film
Jones appears in the 2003 film Top Speed, along with other speed specialists such as racing driver Lucas Luhr, mountain biker Marla Streb, and Porsche Cayenne designer Stephen Murkett. Directed by Greg MacGillivray and shot in IMAX format, the film covers details from races to mistakes she made within her performances.
Use of illicit performance-enhancing drugs
Throughout most of her athletic career including two Olympiads and several championship meets, Jones had been accused, either outright or by implication, of taking performance-enhancing drugs. These accusations began in high school in the early 1990s when she missed a random drug test and consequently was banned for four years from track and field competition. (Jones claimed she never received the letter notifying her of the required test; attorney Johnnie Cochran successfully got the four-year ban overturned.)[5] Soon, it became apparent that Jones tended to train with both coaches and athletes who themselves were dogged by rumors and accusations surrounding performance-enhancing drugs. And yet until 2007, Jones routinely denied—in almost every way possible and in almost any venue where the question arose—ever being involved with performance enhancers in any way, shape, or form. She frequently said that she had never tested positive for performance-enhancing substances; in her autobiography, she blamed the 2002 breakup of her marriage to C.J. Hunter in part on the fact that Hunter had tested positive for steroids four times before the 2000 Olympics, tainting her own drug-free image.
BALCO investigation
On December 3, 2004, Victor Conte, the founder of BALCO, appeared in an interview with Martin Bashir on ABC's 20/20. In the interview, Conte told a national audience that he had personally given Jones four different illegal performance-enhancing drugs before, during, and after the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games. In the course of investigative research, San Francisco based reporters Lance Williams and Mark Fainaru-Wada reported Jones had received banned drugs from BALCO, citing documentary evidence and testimony from Jones's ex-husband C.J. Hunter, who claims to have seen Jones inject herself in the stomach with the steroids.[22]
According to Hunter's 2004 testimony before a federal grand jury, Jones's use of banned drugs began well before Sydney.[23] Hunter told the investigators that Jones first obtained EPO (Erythropoietin) from Graham, who Hunter said had a Mexican connection for the drug. Later, Hunter said, Graham met Conte, who began providing the coach with BALCO "nutritional supplements", which were actually an experimental class of "designer" steroids said to be undetectable by any drug screening procedures available at the time. Graham then distributed the performance enhancers to Jones and other Sprint Capitol athletes. Still later, Hunter told federal agents, Jones began receiving drugs directly from Conte.
Jones had never failed a drug test using the then-existing testing procedures, and insufficient evidence was found to bring charges regarding other untested performance-enhancing drugs.
2006 EPO tests
The Washington Post, citing unidentified sources with knowledge of drug results from the USA Track and Field Championships in Indianapolis, Indiana, reported that on June 23, 2006, an "A" sample of Marion Jones's urine tested positive for Erythropoietin (EPO), a banned performance enhancer. Jones withdrew from the Weltklasse Golden League meet in Switzerland, citing "personal reasons", and once more denied using performance-enhancing drugs. She retained lawyer Howard Jacobs, who has represented many athletes in doping cases, including Tim Montgomery and cyclist Floyd Landis. On September 6, 2006, Jones's lawyers announced that her "B" sample had tested negative, which cleared her from the doping allegations.
Admission of lying during BALCO investigation
On October 5, 2007, Jones admitted to lying to federal agents under oath about her use of steroids prior to the 2000 Summer Olympics and pleaded guilty at the US District Court for the Southern District of New York (in White Plains).[4] She confessed to Judge Kenneth M. Karas that she had made false statements regarding the BALCO case and a check-fraud case. She was released on her own recognizance but was required to surrender both her US and Belizean passports, pending sentencing in January. Although a maximum sentence of five years could be imposed, the prosecution recommended no more than six months as part of Jones's plea bargain.[24]
After her admission, Jones held a press conference, where she finally publicly admitted taking steroids before the Sydney 2000 Summer Olympics and acknowledged that she had, in fact, lied when she previously denied steroid use in statements to the press, to various sports agencies, and to two grand juries. One was impaneled to investigate the BALCO "designer steroid" ring, and the other was impaneled to investigate a check fraud ring involving many of the same parties from the BALCO case. As a result of these admissions, Jones accepted a two-year suspension from track and field competition issued by USADA, and announced her retirement from track and field on October 5, 2007.[4] She broke down in tears during the press conference as she tearfully apologized, saying "...with a great amount of shame...I stand before you and tell you that I have betrayed your trust...and you have the right to be angry with me... I have let my country down and I have let myself down."[24]
USADA stated that their sanction "also requires disqualification of all her competitive results obtained after September 1, 2000, and forfeiture of all medals, results, points and prizes". On January 11, 2008, Jones was sentenced to six months in jail.[4] She began her sentence on March 7, 2008,[25] and was released on September 5, 2008.[26]
In the BALCO case, she had denied to federal agents her use of the steroid Tetrahydrogestrinone, known as "The Clear", or "THG", from 1999, but claimed she was given the impression she was taking a flaxseed oil supplement for two years while coach Trevor Graham supplied her with the substance. In a published letter, Jones said she had used steroids until she stopped training with Graham at the end of 2002. She said she lied when federal agents questioned her in 2003 because she panicked when they presented her with a sample of "The Clear".[27]
US Olympic Committee demands return of Olympic medals
Peter Ueberroth, Chairman of the US Olympic Committee, reacted to the news of Jones's confession and guilty plea on perjury charges by issuing a statement calling on Jones to "immediately step forward and return the Olympic medals she won while competing in violation of the rules". Ueberroth added that her admission was "long overdue and underscores the shame and dishonor that are inherent with cheating." IAAF president Lamine Diack said in a statement that, "Marion Jones will be remembered as one of the biggest frauds in sporting history."[28]
On October 8, 2007, a source confirmed that Marion Jones surrendered her five medals from the 2000 Summer Olympics.[3] On the same day, Ueberroth said that all the relay medals should be returned,[29] and on April 10, 2008, the IOC voted to strip Jones' relay teammates of their medals as well,[30] although this decision would successfully be appealed by seven of Jones' teammates and overturned in 2010.[31]
Formal IOC disqualification
On December 12, 2007, the IOC formally stripped Jones of all five Olympic medals dating back to September 2000, and banned her from attending the 2008 Summer Olympics in any capacity.[2] The IOC action also officially disqualified Jones from her fifth-place finish in the Long Jump at the 2004 Summer Olympics.[2]
On October 28, 2008, Jones was interviewed by Oprah Winfrey and stated that she would have won gold at the Sydney Olympics without the drugs that led to her disgrace.[32][33]
Financial troubles
Seven years after winning a women's record five Olympic track and field medals and receiving multimillion-dollar endorsement deals, Jones was broke.[34] According to the Associated Press, Jones was heavily in debt and fighting off court judgments, according to court records reviewed by the Los Angeles Times. In 2006, a bank foreclosed on her $2.5-million mansion near Chapel Hill, North Carolina, where Michael Jordan was a neighbor. She was also forced to sell two other properties, including her mother's house, to raise money. In her prime, Jones was one of track's first female sports millionaires, typically earning between $70,000 and $80,000 a race, plus at least another $1 million from race bonuses and endorsement deals.
Involvement in check fraud
In July 2006, Jones was linked to a check-counterfeiting scheme that led to criminal charges against her coach and former boyfriend Montgomery.[35] Documents showed that a $25,000 check made out to Jones was deposited in her bank account as part of the alleged multimillion-dollar scheme. Prosecutors alleged that funds were sent to Jones' track coach, 1976 Olympic gold medalist Steve Riddick, in Virginia, then funneled back to New York through a network of "friends, relatives and associates."[35] Riddick was arrested in February on money-laundering charges. According to the indictment and subsequent documents filed with the court, the link to Jones was made through one of Riddick's business partners, Nathaniel Alexander.
On October 5, 2007, Jones pleaded guilty to making false statements to IRS Special Agent Jeff Novitzky leading the ongoing BALCO investigation in California. Jones claimed she had never taken performance-enhancing drugs. "That was a lie, your honor," she said from the defense table. The federal government, through grand juries, had been investigating steroid abuse since 2003.
Jones also pleaded guilty to making false statements about her knowledge of a check-cashing scheme to New York US Department of Homeland Security Special Agent Erik Rosenblatt, who has been leading a broad financial investigation that has already convicted Montgomery, sports agent Charles Wells, and her coach, Steve Riddick.
Criminal sentencing
Prosecutors told U.S. District Judge Kenneth Karas that any sentence between probation and six months' imprisonment would be fair (with the maximum penalty being five years in prison); Karas responded by seeking advice as to whether he could go beyond the six-month sentence. Meanwhile, Jones' lawyers asked that her penalty be limited to probation and community service, arguing, in part, that she had been punished enough by apologizing publicly, retiring from track and field, and relinquishing her five Olympic medals.
On January 11, 2008, Karas sentenced Jones to six months in jail for her involvement in the check fraud case and her use of performance-enhancing drugs. During the sentencing hearing, the judge admonished her, saying that she knew what she was doing and would be punished accordingly.[36] "The offenses here are serious. They each involve lies made three years apart," Karas said, adding that Jones's actions were "not a one-off mistake...but a repetition in an attempt to break the law."[36]
Jones was ordered to surrender on March 11, 2008. She reported four days early, on March 7, at the Federal Medical Center, Carswell prison in Fort Worth and was assigned Federal Bureau of Prisons register no. 84868-054.[25] She was released from prison on September 5, 2008.[26]
Notes
^ Teammate Kelli White was later found to have used performance-enhancing drugs and the IAAF disqualified the team.
References
^ ab "Marion Jones". espn.com. ESPN. Retrieved 15 November 2017..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
^ abc Associated Press (December 12, 2007). "IOC strips Jones of all 5 Olympic medals". MSNBC.com.
^ ab "Jones Returns 2000 Olympic Medals". Channel4.com. Retrieved October 8, 2007.
^ abcd Schmidt, Michael S.; Zinser, Lynn (October 5, 2007). "Jones Pleads Guilty to Lying About Drugs". New York Times. Retrieved 2007-10-05.
^ abc Rowen, Beth; Ross, Shmuel; Olson, Liz (2007). "Marion Jones: Fastest Woman on Earth". InfoPlease Database. Retrieved 2008-02-10.
^ ab Hersh, Philip (September 24, 2000). "Jones Relays Thoughts on Chance for 5 Golds". Chicago Tribune. p. 15.
^ ab "IOC chief says Hunter failed four drug tests". ESPN.com. Associated Press. 2000-09-25. Retrieved 2008-02-10.
^ Webby, Sean (August 28, 2004). "Hunter: 'It's been going on for a long, long time'". Black Athlete Sports Network. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved 2007-11-16.
^ Cherry, Gene (March 7, 2007). "Sprinters Jones and Thompson married, says minister". Reuters.
^ "CNN Newsroom: Jones Doping Case; Tax Standoff Ends; Myanmar Crackdown". CNN Transcripts. October 5, 2007.
^ Michaelis, Vicki (May 17, 2010). "Marion Jones hits ground running, starts fresh in WNBA". USA Today.
^ http://www.marionjones.org/
^ Patrick, Dick (October 5, 2007). "Until now, Jones had been steadfast in doping denials". USA Today.
^ T&FN HIGH SCHOOL GIRLS ATHLETES OF THE YEAR Archived November 26, 2015, at the Wayback Machine. trackandfieldnews.com
^ Reuters (August 28, 2004). "Friday: Bad day for U.S.; new dawn for China". Sports Illustrated: 2004 Olympic Games. sportsillustrated.com.
^ Armour, Nancy (October 8, 2007). "Marion Jones returns her five Olympic medals, accepts 2-year ban". pantagraph.com. Associated Press.
^ "North Carolina Media Guide" (PDF). goheels.comaccess-date=2017-08-31.
^ Blackistone, Kevin (November 30, 2009). "Marion Jones Attempting Comeback as Pro Basketball Player".
^ Juozapavicius, Justin (March 10, 2010). "Marion Jones signs with WNBA's Shock". Yahoo! Sports. Associated Press. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
^ Shipley, Amy (May 16, 2010). "Marion Jones returns to sport with the WNBA's Tulsa Shock". The Washington Post. p. D08.
^ "Ex-Olympic sprinter Marion Jones cut by Shock". CNN. July 21, 2011.
^ Fainaru-Wada, M.; Williams, L. (2006). Game of Shadows. Gotham Books. pp. 234–235.
^ Williams, Lance (August 19, 2006). "Sprinter Jones failed drug test". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2008-08-04.
^ ab Zinser, Lynn; Schmidt, Michael S. (October 6, 2007). "Jones Admits to Doping and Enters Guilty Plea". New York Times. p. D1.
^ ab "Disgraced sprinter Jones reports to jail". AFP. March 7, 2008. Archived from the original on June 21, 2008. Retrieved July 30, 2008.
^ ab Associated Press (September 5, 2008). "Marion Jones released from Texas federal prison". ESPN.com.
^ Shipley, Amy (October 5, 2007). "Marion Jones Admits to Steroid Use". The Washington Post.
^ "IAAF decries Jones's tainted legacy". Associated Press. October 8, 2007.
^ "Jones's Teammate Braces for Worst". New York Times. Associated Press. October 13, 2007.
^ Associated Press (April 10, 2008). "IOC votes to strip Jones's teammates of medals from 2000 Games". ESPN.com.
^ Cohen, Rachel; Graham, Pat; Weber, Paul (2010-07-16). "US relay runners win Olympic medals appeal". ESPN.com. Archived from the original on February 7, 2014.
^ Oprah Interviews Marion Jones on YouTube
^ "Marion Jones tells Oprah Winfrey: I'd have won without the drugs". The Daily Telegraph. October 30, 2008.
^ "Former Olympian, track millionaire Jones now broke". CBS Sports. Archived from the original on June 29, 2007.
^ ab "Bank records link Marion Jones to money scam". NBC Sports. Associated Press. July 16, 2006.
^ ab "Six-month jail sentence for Jones". BBC News. January 11, 2008. Retrieved 2008-01-11.
Other sources
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"Biography: Marion Jones". Focus on Athletes. International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF). Retrieved 2008-01-13.
"Marion Jones". Athlete Bios. USA Track and Field (USATF). April 30, 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-06-21. Retrieved 2007-06-01.
"Marion Jones". United States Olympic Committee (USOC). Archived from the original on December 13, 2007. Retrieved 2008-01-13.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Marion Jones. |
Marion Jones at WNBA.com
Marion Jones at IAAF
Marion Jones on IMDb- New York Times Topic: People: Marion Jones
- 10-05-2007 Federal Plea Bargain Agreement
- 12-28-2007 Marion Jones' Legal Filing Requesting Parole
- Complete text, audio, video of Marion Jones-Thompson apology speech
California State Records before 2000[permanent dead link]
"Profiles in Speed: Marion Jones". Top Speed. 2003. Archived from the original on January 23, 2008. Retrieved January 13, 2008.