国家资本主义








国家资本主义是一種典型由國家力量主導的資本主義制度，国有、国有控股、国营为主导的资本形式。


《中国人民政治协商会议共同纲领》对“国家资本主义”的定義是：“国家资本与私人资本合作的经济为国家资本主义性质的经济。在必要和可能的条件下，应鼓励私人资本向国家资本主义方向发展，例如为国家企业加工，或与国家合营，或用租借形式经营国家的企业，开发国家的富源等。”[1]


国家资本主义是一种不严格的超级垄断资本主义。主要表现为资本集中和生产集中，垄断组织在主要产业部门乃至整个经济生活中具有支配地位，而国家资本主义的垄断组织主体即国家。但是这种垄断资本主义具有较强的民族性，不能组成有效的国际垄断组织，甚至和别国的垄断组织（包括国际垄断组织）都具有相当强烈的竞争，在争夺原材料和销售市场，进行资本输出的同时，必然导致政治、经济、甚至军事上和其他垄断组织控制的国家冲突。


国家资本主义一般出现在统治阶级对被统治阶级相对封闭的，如越南、中华人民共和国、新加坡等一党执政为显著特征的国家，其生产方式为资本主义的生产方式，但统治者认为关乎国家安全和国家利益的行业予以排斥阶级角色为非统治阶级即被统治阶级的控制相关行业。



参考文献





  1. ^ 1949年《中国人民政治协商会议共同纲领》第四章“经济政策”第三十一条。




参见




  • 政权

  • 创业资本主义

  • 國家社會主義




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