雷管

Multi tool use

電氣式雷管使用於軍事爆破,白色塊狀物即為C4塑膠炸藥
雷管,是一種用來引爆炸藥的裝置。工業和軍用炸藥一般較為穩定,用明火無法引爆。必须使用其他炸藥引爆,例如雷管。
19世纪,瑞典化學家阿佛烈·諾貝爾(Alfred B. Nobel)發現矽藻土吸附硝化甘油(矽藻土炸藥)之後變得穩定,但是必須要用其他炸藥引爆,而這引爆裝置这就是雷管。
構造
雷管通常是由一種稱為「ASA複合物」(ASA compound)的起爆藥與作為起爆增強劑的微量TNT、特屈兒(tetryl)或PETN封於直徑約10 mm左右的薄金屬管內構成。「ASA複合物」是疊氮化鉛(Pb(N3)2,Lead Azide)、史蒂芬酸鉛(lead 2,4,6-trinitroresorcinate, C6HN3O8Pb, Lead styphnate)與鋁粉的混合物,取英文字首為名。重氮基二硝基酚(DDNP, Diazodinitrophenol)也可被用作起爆藥以減少排入大氣中的鉛。舊式雷管用雷酸汞(Mercury(II) fulminate)當一級炸藥(起爆藥),通常會混些氯酸鉀增加效能。
分類
電氣式雷管
即發式電雷管(instantaneous electrical detonator,IED)。
短延遲式電雷管(short period delay detonator,SPD),延遲以毫秒計算。
長延遲式電雷管(long period delay detonator,LPD),延遲以秒計算。
電橋式電雷管(exploding-bridgewire detonator),使用於精確度要求在1纳秒(nanosecond)之內的原子彈引爆。
slapper式電雷管(slapper detonator)以金屬薄膜爆炸驅動的塑膠片撞擊裝藥激發的雷管
發展歷史
雷管是由諾貝爾於1865年發明的。當時已經知道硝化甘油是壹種很猛的爆炸物,但由於它太敏感了,在受到震動、撞擊或火化時就會爆炸,非常危險,因此缺少實用價值。諾貝爾發現,硝化甘油在用矽藻土吸附之後就會非常穩定--但如何來引爆它又成了難題。經過多次實驗並付出了血的代價後,他終於發現可以用雷酸汞來引爆矽藻土吸附的硝化甘油。把雷酸汞裝在小管子裏,就成了雷管。
當時的雷管裏面就是單一的雷酸汞,它不是很穩定,與銅等接觸受潮後容易產生不穩定的雷酸鹽而發生事故。後來雷管也用疊氮化鉛,它更穩定壹些。目前的雷管一般上層使用疊氮化鉛,下面使用高爆炸藥
外部鏈接
jO0EEoXKPL2,tgMq,O7aB,bv0xk,r4n nd cNOlkJUYXeKY
Popular posts from this blog
This article is about the letter of the alphabet. For other uses, see Y (disambiguation). See also: Wye (disambiguation) Y Y y (See below) Usage Writing system Latin script Type Alphabetic and Logographic Language of origin Latin language Phonetic usage [ y ] [ ɨ ] [ j ] [ iː ] [ ɪ ] [ ɘ ] [ ə ] [ ɯ ] [ ɛː ] [ j ] [ ɥ ] [ ɣ̟ ] / w aɪ / / aɪ / Unicode value U+0059, U+0079 Alphabetical position 25 History Development Υ υ 𐌖 Y y Time period 54 to present Descendants • U • V • W • Ỿ • ¥ • Ꮙ • Ꮍ • Ꭹ Sisters F Ѵ У Ў Ұ Ү ו و ܘ וּ וֹ ࠅ 𐎆 𐡅 ወ વ ૂ ુ उ Variations (See below) Other Other letters commonly used with y(x), ly, ny This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. ISO basic Latin alphabet Aa Bb Cc D...
Mount Tamalpais Mount Tamalpais, viewed from the south Highest point Elevation 2,571 ft (784 m) NAVD 88 [1] Prominence 2,456 ft (749 m) [1] Listing California county high points 55th Coordinates 37°55′45″N 122°34′40″W / 37.929088°N 122.577829°W / 37.929088; -122.577829 Coordinates: 37°55′45″N 122°34′40″W / 37.929088°N 122.577829°W / 37.929088; -122.577829 [1] Geography Mount Tamalpais Marin County, California, U.S. Show map of California Mount Tamalpais Mount Tamalpais (the US) Show map of the US Parent range California Coast Ranges Topo map USGS San Rafael Geology Mountain type Sedimentary Climbing First ascent 1830s by Jacob P. Leese (first recorded ascent) [2] Easiest route Railroad Grade fire trail Mount Tamalpais ( / t æ m əl ˈ p aɪ . ɪ s / ; TAM -əl- PY -iss ; Coast Miwok: /t̪ɑmɑlˈpɑis̺/ , known locally as Mount Tam ) is a peak in Marin County, California, United State...
FMW Women's Championship Details Promotion Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling [1] Date established November 5, 1990 [1] Date retired September 28, 1997 Other name(s) WWA World Women's Championship FMW Independent Women's Championship Statistics First champion(s) Combat Toyoda [1] Most reigns Megumi Kudo (6 reigns) [1] Longest reign Megumi Kudo (426 days) [1] Shortest reign Shark Tsuchiya (<1 day) [1] The FMW Women's Championship (or the FMW Independent Women's & WWA Women's Championship ) was two Japanese women's professional wrestling championships (WWA World Women's Championship and FMW Independent World Women's Championship) contested in the promotion Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling (FMW). During the heyday of FMW, the female wrestlers wrestled in the same types of bloody death matches as the FMW men, and were feared by other Japanese female wrestlers for their toughness and intensity. ...