方士

Multi tool use
Multi tool use




方士，即術士，是操弄方術的人，以冥想、氣功、煉丹、靜坐等方式，達到長生不老與羽化飛昇等目標。


方士往往修異術，通鬼神，以求了悟死生的解脫之道。對於中國古代醫學、化學、天文、軍事與神怪小說取材上有卓越的貢獻，有的甚至交往遊俠，行俠仗義，關心社會，行醫救人，以解民生疾苦。部份方士推動迷信，爲一己之利蠱惑他人，詐騙金錢，造成社會動盪。黄宪、王充、扬雄等人都是反对方士的人。


東周時已有方士之稱，宋无忌、正伯侨、充尚都是當時的方士，《史记·秦始皇本纪》載：“吾悉召文学、方术士甚众”。唐朝道士成玄英说「方」即「道」[1]，但與道教無涉，《漢書‧王莽傳》：“先是衛將軍王涉，素養道士西門君惠。”《新唐书.李德裕传》：“帝方惑佛老，祷福祈年，浮屠方士，出入禁中。”晋代以后，方士之称漸不流行，大都改稱道士。



著名的方士



  • 容成


  • 彭铿，唐尧人。

  • 萇弘

  • 徐福

  • 盧生

  • 韓生

  • 侯生

  • 于吉

  • 左慈

  • 黃仲

  • 管輅

  • 蕭吉

  • 葛洪

  • 陳摶



注釋





  1. ^ 《庄子·天下篇》说：“天下之治方术者多矣。”唐成玄英疏说：“方，道也”。









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