米南佳保人

Multi tool use
Multi tool use




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米南佳保人

Minangkabau woman dressed in traditional clothes
米南佳保人女性穿著傳統服飾
總人口

大約600萬人
分佈地區

 印尼 (2000年人口普查)
5,475,000[1]

西苏门答腊省 西苏门答腊省
3,747,000

廖内省 廖内省
535,000

北苏门答腊省 北苏门答腊省
307,000

雅加达 雅加达
265,000

西爪哇省 西爪哇省
169,000

占碑省 占碑省
132,000

 马来西亚 (1981年估計值)
300,000[2]
語言

米南佳保語、印度尼西亞語與馬來語
宗教信仰

伊斯蘭教遜尼派[3]

米南佳保人（印尼語：Minangkabau）也稱「米南人」（Minang）或「巴東人」（Padang），是印度尼西亞西蘇門答臘省高地的原住民。他們的文化是母系繼嗣的，財產與土地是由母親傳給女兒，然而宗教與政治事務由男性掌理（即使某些女性也在這些領域扮演重要角色）。如今有四百萬人居住在西蘇門答臘省，有其他三百萬人散居在印度尼西亞與馬來半島的許多都市與城鎮之中。


米南人具有堅定的伊斯蘭教信仰，但依然依循著他們族群的傳統，或稱「習慣法（印尼语：Adat）」（adat）。米南人的「習慣法」源自於伊斯蘭教來到此地之前的泛靈論信仰，而且這種信仰依然殘存於某些穆斯林之中。伊斯蘭教與「習慣法」之間的關係，被描寫在這段諺語中：「傳統習慣法立基於伊斯蘭教法，伊斯蘭教法立基於可蘭經」（adat basandi syara', syara' basandi Kitabullah）。


根据传说，米南佳保人的祖先来自云南，公元前500年迁移到苏门答腊岛[4]。他們在西蘇門答臘的故土，曾在1821年到1837年間發生信仰習慣法的派系與回教改革派(Padri)之間的戰爭(Padri War)。



引用文獻





  1. ^ Leo Suryadinata; Evi Nurvidya Arifin; Aris Ananta. Indonesia's Population: Ethnicity and Religion in a Changing Political Landscape. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. 2003. ISBN 9812302123. 


  2. ^ Gordon, Raymond G. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International. 2005 [2008-02-01]. （原始内容 (online version)存档于2001-10-05）. 


  3. ^ Blackwood, Evelyn. Webs of Power: Women, Kin, and Community in a Sumatran Village. Rowman & Littlefield. 2000. ISBN 0847699110. 


  4. ^ 张慧中. 印尼米南加保人访问记. paper.people.com.cn. 人民日报海外版. 2018-08-26 [2018-10-31]. 相传公元前500年，他们的祖先从中国云南省启程，经中南半岛、越马六甲海峡逐渐迁徙到苏门答腊岛西部的这片土地，看中了此地的丰富水源、肥沃土壤、凉爽气候以及丰富的矿产资源，在此定居。 




參閱



  • 西蘇門答臘省

  • 森美蘭州

  • Rumah gadang

  • Overseas Minangkabau

  • Minangkabau Merchants



外部連結



  • On Culture's Loom

  • The Carvers of Bukittinggi




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