晶状体
Multi tool use
body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output table.infobox caption{text-align:center}
| 晶状体 |
|---|
 来自远处物体的单个点的光和来自近物体的单个点的光通过改变晶状体的曲率而被聚焦。
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人眼的示意图。
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| 细节 |
|---|
| 拉丁语 |
lens crystallin
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| 识别标示 |
|---|
| Gray's |
p.1019
|
| MeSH |
Crystalline+lens
|
| Dorlands |
12483326
|
| TA |
A15.2.05.001
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| FMA |
FMA:58241
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解剖学术语
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晶状体，又称晶珠，是眼球的主要屈光结构，也是唯一有调节能力的屈光间质；为一个双凸形扁圆体，包以透明被囊[1][2]。
晶状体在角膜与虹膜之后、玻璃体与视网膜之前，其周缘部被晶状体悬器（睫状小带）系于周围的睫状体，以固定其位置；晶状体悬器的紧张度受到睫状肌的调节：悬器放松、被囊舒张，晶状体凸度增加，悬器和被囊紧张则晶状体凸度减小。
睫状肌则由動眼神經調節，其调节能力随着年龄的增长而逐渐降低，因而对远近物体的调节力降低，形成老花现象。在假性近视中，睫状肌常常过度收缩（痉挛），导致晶状体过凸，远处物体的像形成于视网膜之前，无法看清[3][4]。
晶体的前凸曲率半径为10mm，后凸曲率半径为6mm，前后径为5mm，直径为10mm。
晶体由晶体囊、晶体上皮、晶体纤维和悬韧带组成。
如果晶体由于各种原因造成其部分或全部混浊，引起视力障碍，此时瞳孔内呈白色，称白内障。
晶狀體的形成，為後來動物之視覺清晰度以致物種發展裨益莫大。
物件位置
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遠
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近
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睫狀肌
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鬆弛
|
收縮
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睫狀體圓環直徑
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大
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小
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懸韌帶張力
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大
|
小
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晶狀體厚度
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小
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大
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晶狀體曲率半径
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大
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小
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折射程度
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低
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高
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参考资料
^ Kardong, K. (2008). Vertebrates: Comparative anatomy, function, evolution,(5th ed.). (pp.676-677). Boston: McGraw-Hill
^ John Forrester, Andrew Dick, Paul McMenamin, William Lee (1996). The Eye: Basic Sciences in Practice. London: W.B. Saunders Company Ltd. p. 28 ISBN 0-7020-1790-6
^ 眼睛的结构与近视形成的原因概述
^ American Optometric Association. Optometric Clinical Practice Guideline: Care of the patient with myopia. 1997.
外部链接
感觉系统 – 视觉系统 – 人眼球狀體(TA A15.2.1–6, TH 3.11.08.0-5, GA 10.1005)
|
|---|
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眼球纤维膜
（外部） |
| 巩膜 |
- Episcleral layer
- Schlemm's canal
- 小梁网
|
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| 角膜 |
- Corneal limbus
角膜層
- Corneal epithelium
- Bowman's membrane
- Stroma of cornea
- Descemet's membrane
- Corneal endothelium
|
|
|
|
葡萄膜
（中段） |
| 脉络膜 |
- Capillary lamina of choroid
- 布鲁赫膜
- Sattler's layer
|
|
| 睫狀體 |
|
|
| 虹膜 |
- Stroma of iris
- 瞳孔
- Iris dilator muscle
- 虹膜括約肌
|
|
|
视网膜
（內部） |
| 視網膜層 |
- Inner limiting membrane
- 神经纤维层
- 神经节细胞层
- 内丛状层
- 内核层
- Outer plexiform layer
- Outer nuclear layer
- External limiting membrane
- 视杆视锥细胞层
- 视网膜色素上皮
|
|
| 細胞 |
感光细胞 (视锥细胞、视杆细胞) → (水平细胞) → 视网膜双极细胞 → (无长突细胞) → 视网膜神经节细胞 (Midget cell, Parasol cell, Bistratified cell, Giant retinal ganglion cells, 內在光敏視網膜神經節細胞) → 間腦: Parvocellular cell, Magnocellular cell, Koniocellular cell
Muller glia
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| 其它相關 |
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|
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| 眼球前段 |
- Anterior chamber of eyeball
- 房水
- Posterior chamber of eyeball
晶状体
- Capsule of lens
- Zonule of Zinn
|
|
| 眼球後段 |
|
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| 其它相關 |
- Asthenopia
- Corneal keratocyte
- Ocular immune system
- 明毯
- 眼屈光不正
- 视知觉
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| 规范控制 |
- BNE: XX534868
- BNF: cb119648755 (data)
- FAST: 884638
- GND: 4003601-7
- LCCN: sh85034493
- NDL: 00571638
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