間諜活動是為某政府效力的一部分。換言之,政府是支持間諜活動的。「間諜」一詞很容易被人聯想成:某一個主權國家監視著自己的敵國。最早開始,間諜是用來刺探軍事方面的國家機密,但現今則蔓延至公司方面(俗稱工業間諜)。現時,有不少國家都會慣常地派出間諜去監視自己的敵人和盟友,但他們從不將這些資料透露給大眾。另外,經常運用間諜的國家,往往都會去組織一個或多個特別的公司或團體來掩護其行動,例如:國際私人軍事保安組織(SCG International Risk)。1990年的布萊克法律詞典(Black's Law Dictionary)將動詞「間諜」下了一個定議,意為:「……收集、傳送或泄漏關於國防的情報」。
間諜活動的風險總是在變化,舉一個例子,譬如一名間諜在其他的國家內,違反了當地的法規,就會被人以間諜罪名放逐、囚禁,或甚至被處死。如果在自己的國家裡犯了法,則會被以叛國的罪名囚禁,同樣有機會被處死(羅森堡即屬一例)。另外,有一位美國中央情報局官員,名叫阿尔德里奇·艾姆斯,他因將情報偷賣給蘇聯的克格勃,而被联邦调查局拘捕,更會有可能面對終身監禁。雖然擁有外交豁免權,但他仍被人視為「不受歡迎的人」,然後被帶往機場。艾姆斯的妻子害怕如果丈夫不遵守這些條件的話,可能會被判終身監禁。所以,艾姆斯選擇遵守,而最終則被監禁五年。弗朗西斯·萊德蒙德(英语:Hugh Francis Redmond),同樣也是一位美國中央情報局官員,因為窺探中國的情報而被監禁了19年,更死在那裡。[來源請求]
巴布亚新几内亚:国家情报组织(NIO)(英语:National Intelligence Organization (Papua New Guinea))
对内 情报 机构
亞洲
孟加拉:SB
文莱:IRD(英语:Internal Security Department (Brunei))
中华人民共和国:国家安全部(MSS)
印度:IB, 中央调查局(CBI), NSC, AIRMS(英语:All India Radio Monitoring Service)
哈萨克斯坦:NSC
日本:警察廳(PSIA)
巴基斯坦:IB, FIA
俄罗斯:联邦安全局(FSB)
韩国:SPO(英语:Supreme Prosecutors' Office of the Republic of Korea)
斯里兰卡:SIS
泰国:特别调查厅
中华民国:法務部調查局(MJIB)
乌兹别克斯坦:SNB(英语:National Security Service (Uzbekistan))
越南:公安部第一总局
新加坡:ISD
马来西亚:马来西亚皇家警察政治部(英语:Malaysian Special Branch)
菲律宾:NBI(英语:National Bureau of Investigation (Philippines))
美洲
阿根廷:SIDE(英语:Secretaría de Inteligencia)
巴西:ABIN(英语:Brazilian Intelligence Agency)
加拿大:安全情报局(CSIS)
智利:ANI(英语:Agencia Nacional de Inteligencia)
美国:聯邦调查局国家安全处(FBI/NSB)·美国缉毒局国家安全情报办公室(DEA/ONSI)·美國財政部恐怖主義及金融情報辦公室(英语:Under Secretary of the Treasury for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence)(TFI)·海岸警衛隊調查處(英语:Coast Guard Investigative Service)(CGI)·美國能源部情報及反情報辦公室(英语:Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence)(OICI)
委内瑞拉:SEBIN(英语:Bolivarian Intelligence Service)
歐洲
阿塞拜疆:MTN(英语:Ministry of National Security of Azerbaijan)
白俄罗斯:国家安全委员会
比利时:VS/SE(英语:State Security Service (Belgium))
波黑:SIPA(英语:State Investigation and Protection Agency)
克罗地亚:SOA
捷克:BIS
丹麦:PET
爱沙尼亚:KAPO(英语:Estonian Internal Security Service)
芬兰:SUPO(英语:Finnish Security Intelligence Service)
法国:对内安全总局(DGSI)
德国:联邦宪法保卫局(BfV)
希腊:EYP
匈牙利:AH
爱尔兰:CSB, SDU, NSU
意大利:AISI
拉脱维亚:DP
立陶宛:STT(英语:Special Investigation Service of the Republic of Lithuania)
马其顿:IA
荷兰:NCTb(英语:NCTb)
挪威:PST
波兰:ABW(英语:Agencja Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego)
罗马尼亚:SRI(英语:Romanian Intelligence Service)
塞尔维亚:BIA(英语:Security Information Agency)
葡萄牙:SIS
瑞典:保安警察(SÄPO)(瑞典语:Säkerhetspolisen)
瑞士:NDB
土耳其:KDGM(英语:Undersecretariat of Public Order and Security)
美国:国防情报局(DIA)·美國國防技術資訊中心·美國空軍情報監視及偵察局(英语:Air Force Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Agency)(AFISRA)·軍事情報部隊(英语:Military Intelligence Corps (United States Army))(MI)·美國海軍陸戰隊情報處(英语:Marine Corps Intelligence Activity)(MCIA)·美國海軍情報局(ONI)
委内瑞拉:DGCIM(英语:General Directorate of Military Counterintelligence)
歐洲
比利时:ADIV/SGRS(英语:Belgian General Information and Security Service)
克罗地亚:VSOA(英语:Military Security and Intelligence Agency)
This article is about the letter of the alphabet. For other uses, see Y (disambiguation). See also: Wye (disambiguation) Y Y y (See below) Usage Writing system Latin script Type Alphabetic and Logographic Language of origin Latin language Phonetic usage [ y ] [ ɨ ] [ j ] [ iː ] [ ɪ ] [ ɘ ] [ ə ] [ ɯ ] [ ɛː ] [ j ] [ ɥ ] [ ɣ̟ ] / w aɪ / / aɪ / Unicode value U+0059, U+0079 Alphabetical position 25 History Development Υ υ 𐌖 Y y Time period 54 to present Descendants • U • V • W • Ỿ • ¥ • Ꮙ • Ꮍ • Ꭹ Sisters F Ѵ У Ў Ұ Ү ו و ܘ וּ וֹ ࠅ 𐎆 𐡅 ወ વ ૂ ુ उ Variations (See below) Other Other letters commonly used with y(x), ly, ny This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. ISO basic Latin alphabet Aa Bb Cc D...
Mount Tamalpais Mount Tamalpais, viewed from the south Highest point Elevation 2,571 ft (784 m) NAVD 88 [1] Prominence 2,456 ft (749 m) [1] Listing California county high points 55th Coordinates 37°55′45″N 122°34′40″W / 37.929088°N 122.577829°W / 37.929088; -122.577829 Coordinates: 37°55′45″N 122°34′40″W / 37.929088°N 122.577829°W / 37.929088; -122.577829 [1] Geography Mount Tamalpais Marin County, California, U.S. Show map of California Mount Tamalpais Mount Tamalpais (the US) Show map of the US Parent range California Coast Ranges Topo map USGS San Rafael Geology Mountain type Sedimentary Climbing First ascent 1830s by Jacob P. Leese (first recorded ascent) [2] Easiest route Railroad Grade fire trail Mount Tamalpais ( / t æ m əl ˈ p aɪ . ɪ s / ; TAM -əl- PY -iss ; Coast Miwok: /t̪ɑmɑlˈpɑis̺/ , known locally as Mount Tam ) is a peak in Marin County, California, United State...
FMW Women's Championship Details Promotion Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling [1] Date established November 5, 1990 [1] Date retired September 28, 1997 Other name(s) WWA World Women's Championship FMW Independent Women's Championship Statistics First champion(s) Combat Toyoda [1] Most reigns Megumi Kudo (6 reigns) [1] Longest reign Megumi Kudo (426 days) [1] Shortest reign Shark Tsuchiya (<1 day) [1] The FMW Women's Championship (or the FMW Independent Women's & WWA Women's Championship ) was two Japanese women's professional wrestling championships (WWA World Women's Championship and FMW Independent World Women's Championship) contested in the promotion Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling (FMW). During the heyday of FMW, the female wrestlers wrestled in the same types of bloody death matches as the FMW men, and were feared by other Japanese female wrestlers for their toughness and intensity. ...