防蚊液






防蚊液





埃及斑蚊，登革熱傳播媒介


防蚊液，香港普遍稱為蚊怕水[1]，是一種用於驅除蚊子、蝨子等昆蟲的產品。



特色


DEET是一種人工化合物。為一種淡黃色的油性物質，是常見的驅蟲藥成份，主要用於驅除蚊子、預防因蝨子和蚊子叮咬所引起萊姆病和登革熱、瘧疾等相關疾病的產品。


天然防蚊液選用植物精油作為主要成份，常見的植物精油包括香茅、天竺葵、尤加利、白千層和丁香、貓薄荷，這些植物的精油多具有可驅蟲的特性。天然植物分成的防蚊液使用時的有效時間較DEET類防蚊液短。


使用天然植物精油為主要成份的防蚊液時，仍要注意個人膚質是否對特定成份產生敏感或是過敏反應，測試時可將防蚊液塗抹在手臂內側，若無過敏現象，才可減低使用在其他部位發生過敏情形之機率[2][3]。防蚊貼片是相關的產品型式，將防蚊成份結合於貼布當中，使用時直接將貼布貼在皮膚或衣物上，各廠牌之黏性強度不一，防蚊範圍受限於貼片週圍。又因其使用方式需長時期與身體接觸，效果不彰[4]。



方式与安全性


只把驱虫剂（避蚊胺DEET）用于暴露的皮肤和/或衣服——按产品标签说明，孕妇和哺乳期女性可以使用驱虫剂。[5]EPA对孕妇或哺乳期女性使用驱虫剂（避蚊胺DEET）没有提出任何额外注意事项，避蚊胺（DEET）被批准用于儿童没有年龄限制，而且没有浓度限制。[6]




目前有效的防蚊液仍然建議要直接使用在肌膚上才能在人類大範圍移動時候持續保有一定的效果，青少年與幼兒在戶外活動時，往往因為活動量大伴隨著出汗、高溫與更多的二氧化碳的排放，間接與直接的吸引更多的蚊子，在亞熱帶蚊蟲肆虐的地區，除了穿著長袖長褲之外，防蚊液的使用仍然非常廣泛。多次（約兩小時）多點（暴露於空氣中的肌膚）的使用是建議的方式。[7]



參考資料




  1. ^ 使用防蚊用品須知 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2011-06-30. - 香港消費者委員會


  2. ^ 草本精華藥妝品的八大迷思


  3. ^ 防蚊液新聞報導[永久失效連結] - 民視新聞


  4. ^ 童貼防蚊貼片夜叮九包 家長不滿：白貼 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2012-06-13.中天電視新聞 2011-09-06 韓志興、徐依鈴／台中報導


  5. ^ http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/faq/repellent.html


  6. ^ https://www.epa.gov/insect-repellents/deet


  7. ^ 夏日防蚊: 含DEET防蚊液仍是實用選項 但需注意使用方法與時效 (html). TECH NEWS (TAIWAN: tech news). 2013-07-31 [2015-03-13] （中文）. 




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