左氧氟沙星

Multi tool use
左氧氟沙星

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系统(IUPAC)命名名称 |
(S)-9-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-7H-pyrido[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazine-6-carboxylic acid
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临床数据 |
商品名 |
Levaquin, Tavanic, Iquix, others |
Drugs.com |
Monograph
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MedlinePlus |
a697040
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医疗法规 |
EU EMA: yes
US FDA: Levofloxacin
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妊娠分级 |
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给药途径 |
口服、靜脈注射、眼藥水 |
合法狀態 |
合法状态 |
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药代动力学数据 |
生物利用度 |
99%[1]
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蛋白结合度 |
31%[1]
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代谢 |
<5% 为去甲基和N-氧化胺代谢物 |
生物半衰期 |
6.9 小時[1]
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排泄 |
腎,其中大多為原藥物(83%)[1]
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识别信息 |
CAS注册号 |
100986-85-4 
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ATC代码 |
J01MA12 S01AE05
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PubChem |
CID 149096
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DrugBank |
DB01137 
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ChemSpider |
131410 
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UNII |
RIX4E89Y14 
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KEGG |
D08120 
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ChEMBL |
CHEMBL33 
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NIAID ChemDB |
002307
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化学信息 |
化学式 |
C18H20FN3O4
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摩尔质量 |
361.368 g/mol |
SMILES
C[C@H]1COc2c3n1cc(c(=O)c3cc(c2N4CCN(CC4)C)F)C(=O)O
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InChI
InChI=1S/C18H20FN3O4/c1-10-9-26-17-14-11(16(23)12(18(24)25)8-22(10)14)7-13(19)15(17)21-5-3-20(2)4-6-21/h7-8,10H,3-6,9H2,1-2H3,(H,24,25)/t10-/m0/s1
Key:GSDSWSVVBLHKDQ-JTQLQIEISA-N
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 (what is this?) (verify)
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左氧氟沙星(英语:Levofloxacin),常見商品名Levaquin,為一種氟喹諾酮類廣譜抗细菌药[2][3]。本品可用於治療細菌性的鼻竇炎、肺炎、泌尿道感染、慢性前列腺炎,以及腸胃炎[2]。配合其他抗生素使用還可以用於治療结核病、脑膜炎,或骨盆腔發炎等等[2]。本品可經由口服、靜脈注射[2],或是眼藥水給藥[4]。
常見副作用包含恶心、腹瀉,和睡眠障礙[2]。嚴重副作用包含肌腱斷裂、肌腱炎、癲癇發作、思覺失調,以及永久周邊神經病變[2]。肌腱損傷可能會出現於用藥後數個月[2]。本品亦可能會導致用藥者更容易曬傷[2]。重症肌無力患者的肌無力症狀及呼吸問題可能惡化[2]。妊娠期間不建議使用本品,但風險顯示不高[3]。同類藥物在哺乳期間使用顯示安全,但本品在哺乳期間的安全性尚未明朗[3]。本品藉由殺死細菌來達到其藥效[2],其為氧氟沙星的左旋同分異構體[3]。
本品於1996年開始在美國用於藥用[2],列名於世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单之中,為基礎公衛體系必備藥物之一[5]。本品有學名藥上市[2]。在開發中國家,每周療程批發價約介於0.44至0.95美金之間[6]。在美國同樣劑量則需花費 50 至 100 美金[7]。
左氧氟沙星還可用作抗生素滴眼液以防止細菌感染,與單獨使用滴眼液或注射抗生素相比,在白內障手術期間聯合滴左氧氟沙星滴眼液和注射頭孢呋辛或青黴素更能降低發生眼內炎的機會。[8]
引用
^ 1.01.11.21.3 Zhanel GG, Fontaine S, Adam H, Schurek K, Mayer M, Noreddin AM, Gin AS, Rubinstein E, Hoban DJ. A Review of New Fluoroquinolones : Focus on their Use in Respiratory Tract Infections. Treat Respir Med. 2006, 5 (6): 437–65. PMID 17154673. doi:10.2165/00151829-200605060-00009.
^ 2.002.012.022.032.042.052.062.072.082.092.102.11 Levofloxacin. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [2016-08-25]. (原始内容存档于2016-05-01).
^ 3.03.13.23.3 Yaffe, Gerald G. Briggs, Roger K. Freeman, Sumner J. Drugs in pregnancy and lactation : a reference guide to fetal and neonatal risk 9th. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2011: 828. ISBN 9781608317080. (原始内容存档于2016-02-01).
^ Levofloxacin ophthalmic medical facts from Drugs.com. www.drugs.com. [2017-01-23]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-02) (英语).
^ WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List) (PDF). World Health Organization. April 2015 [2016-12-08]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-12-13).
^ Levofloxacin. International Drug Price Indicator Guide. [2016-08-25].
^ Hamilton, Richart. Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2015: 102. ISBN 9781284057560.
^ Emily W Gower. Perioperative antibiotics for prevention of acute endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. NCBI. [2018-06-22].
抗菌药:核酸合成抑制剂(J01E, J01M)
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抗叶酸剂 |
甲氧苄啶及其衍生物 |
甲氧苄啶 溴莫普林 Iclaprim 四氧普林
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磺胺类抗菌剂 |
速效 |
磺胺嘧啶 磺胺甲二唑 磺胺二甲嘧啶 磺胺吡啶 磺胺异恶唑 磺胺 磺胺噻唑 磺胺硫脲
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中效 |
磺胺甲恶唑 磺胺嘧啶 磺胺恶唑
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长效 |
磺胺二甲氧嘧啶 磺胺多辛 磺胺林 磺胺托嘧啶 磺胺对甲氧嘧啶 磺胺甲氧哒嗪 磺胺培林 磺胺甲基嘧啶 磺胺苯吡唑 磺胺马宗
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复方 |
复方新诺明 |
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其他 |
磺胺米隆 百浪多息 磺胺醋酰 柳氮磺胺吡啶 磺胺美曲
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拓扑异构酶抑制剂/ 喹诺酮类抗菌剂
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氟喹诺酮 |
第一代 |
西诺沙星 · 氟甲喹§ · 萘啶酸 · 恶喹酸 · 吡哌酸 · 吡咯米酸 · 罗索沙星
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第二代 |
环丙沙星 · 依诺沙星 · 氟罗沙星* · 洛美沙星 · 那氟沙星 · 氧氟沙星 · 诺氟沙星 · 培氟沙星 · Rufloxacin
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第三代 |
巴洛沙星 · 格帕沙星* · 左氧氟沙星 · 帕珠沙星 · 司帕沙星 · 替马沙星* · 妥苏沙星
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第四代 |
克林沙星# · 加雷沙星 · 吉米沙星 · 莫西沙星 · 加替沙星 · 西他沙星 · 曲氟沙星*/阿拉曲伐沙星* · 普卢利沙星
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兽用 |
达氟沙星§ · 二氟沙星§ · 恩诺沙星§ · 依巴沙星§ · 马波沙星§ · 奥比沙星§ · Pradofloxacin§ · 沙拉沙星§
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#临床研究中. * 从市场撤回. § 兽用
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其他 |
咪唑衍生物 |
甲硝唑 · 替硝唑 · 奥硝唑
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硝基呋喃衍生物 |
呋喃妥英 · 硝呋妥因醇
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氨基香豆素类 |
新生霉素 |
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利福霉素类 |
利福平 · 利福布丁 · 利福喷丁 · 利福昔明
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#世卫基本药物(WHO-EM)
‡从市场撤回
臨床試驗:
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7d 3IgcUdbxKNyR8YFN
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