Association of Women for Action and Research




For other uses, see Aware (disambiguation).

































Association of Women for Action and Research (AWARE)
Founded 25 November 1985 (1985-11-25)
Type Non-profit, Non-governmental organisation
Focus gender equality
Location
  • Block 5, Dover Crescent, #01-22, Singapore
Coordinates
1°18′16″N 103°46′56″E / 1.30432°N 103.78227°E / 1.30432; 103.78227Coordinates: 1°18′16″N 103°46′56″E / 1.30432°N 103.78227°E / 1.30432; 103.78227
Area served
Singapore
Website
Official website Edit this at Wikidata

The Association of Women for Action and Research (AWARE) is a not-for-profit organisation that advocates for gender equality and provides critical support services for women in Singapore. It is a registered charity with Institute of Public Character status.[1]


AWARE believes in the rights of women and men to make informed and responsible choices about their lives and to have equal opportunities in education, marriage and employment, and in the right of women to control their own bodies, particularly with regard to sexual and reproductive rights.[1]




Contents






  • 1 Founding years


  • 2 Philosophy


    • 2.1 Vision


    • 2.2 Mission


    • 2.3 Values




  • 3 AWARE's services


    • 3.1 Women's Care Centre and Sexual Assault Care Centre


    • 3.2 Women's Helpline


    • 3.3 Outreach


    • 3.4 Case management


    • 3.5 Counselling


    • 3.6 Legal information


    • 3.7 Befriending




  • 4 Research and advocacy


    • 4.1 Research


      • 4.1.1 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)


      • 4.1.2 Single parents


      • 4.1.3 Male bullying


      • 4.1.4 Suicide




    • 4.2 Public campaigns


      • 4.2.1 A Single Love: Standing Up for Single Parents


      • 4.2.2 Gender Equality is our Culture (GEC) Project


      • 4.2.3 Aim For Zero




    • 4.3 Working with policy-makers


      • 4.3.1 Single parents


      • 4.3.2 Female caregivers and older women


      • 4.3.3 Migrant spouses




    • 4.4 Strengthening civil society networks


      • 4.4.1 Awards, honours and recognition






  • 5 References


  • 6 External links





Founding years


AWARE was formed in 1985 following a forum held by the National University of Singapore Society in November 1984. The forum, which was called "Women's Choices, Women's Lives", was organised by Zaibun Siraj, daughter of Mrs Mohamed Sirah, and Dr Vivienne Wee.[2] Women from various professional backgrounds attended the forum. Speakers included orthopaedic surgeon Dr Kanwaljit Soin, director of the National Library Hedwig Anuar and deputy Sunday editor of the Singapore Monitor, Margaret Thomas.[2]


Participants of the forum were unhappy with the government's rhetoric at the time, along with its introduction of controversial family and population policies. They were especially affected by how women were being singled out as being responsible for the falling fertility rate.[2]


Following the forum, it was felt that there was a need for an organisation that would specifically focus on improving women's social and legal status in Singapore. Other women's groups were mostly social or welfare groups which did not engage in advocacy work. According to Siraj, these groups were not particularly seeking to change the status of women in society at the time.[3]


AWARE was launched after a year of discussion, during which the organisation's structure was defined and its constitution written.[2]



Philosophy



Vision


AWARE seeks to help create a society where there is true gender equality – where women and men are valued as individuals free to make informed and responsible choices about their lives.[4]



Mission


AWARE seeks to remove all gender-based barriers so as to allow individuals in Singapore to develop their potential to the fullest and realise their personal visions and hopes.[4]



Values



    • AWARE embraces diversity, and promotes understanding and acceptance of diversity.

    • AWARE respects the individual and the choices she makes in life, and supports her when needed.

    • AWARE recognises the human rights of all, regardless of gender, so that everyone can realise their aspirations.



AWARE's services



Women's Care Centre and Sexual Assault Care Centre


AWARE's Women's Care Centre provides information and support for women who are in distress or at a time of uncertainty in their lives.[1]


The Sexual Assault Care Centre (SACC) provides free services to those who have experienced sexual assault and harassment, helping them deal with their experiences and make decisions about their next steps.[6] The Centre oversees sexual assault and harassment cases, providing counselling, legal information and befriender services to survivors.


Both the Women's Care Centre and Sexual Assault Care Centre offer experienced counsellors to help women resolve a life crisis, deal with a painful past, adjust to changed circumstances or seek out new directions.[5]



Women's Helpline


AWARE runs Singapore's only specialised hotline catered to women. The organisation's Helpline helps callers with a variety of concerns, and offers empathy, support, information and encouragement.[6] Clients may also make an appointment to speak to a counsellor or lawyer. These calls and cases are kept strictly confidential.



Outreach


AWARE held an intensive five-month training programme for English-speaking Helpliners to equip them with knowledge on dealing with domestic violence, marital problems, mental health and LGBTQ matters.[4]


From March 2018, the Helpline and Befriender services were made available in English, Malay, Tamil and Mandarin.[6]


The organisation has also expanded its knowledge of Syariah law in order to better support Muslim women.[6]



Case management


SACC handled 510 cases in 2016, with 91% of clients responding that they felt helped and supported by their case manager for the full duration of their case.[4]



Counselling


AWARE provides professional counselling services for women. The organisation's staff is experienced in working with women on issues such as crisis and trauma, family violence, sexual assault and harassment, marital and psychological issues, as well as a wide range of other matters.[1]


AWARE's Sexual Assault Care Centre provides three counselling sessions free of cost for survivors of sexual assault and harassment.



Legal information


AWARE offers a free legal clinic twice a month, with experienced lawyers providing women with legal information and advice.[1] The organisation conducted 93 legal information sessions in 2016, with 85% of clients responding that the advice given by the lawyer helped them to make an informed decision.[4]



Befriending


AWARE's Befriender service accompanies women who are victims of violence to the Family Justice Courts of Singapore, police stations, hospitals and other help centres.[4] The Befrienders' presence helps women who are fearful of facing a Respondent face-to-face at mentions or hearings.[4] AWARE conducted 45 befriending trips in 2016, with 93% of clients saying that the befrienders were encouraging and supportive.[4] Befrienders services are arranged by referral through AWARE's Women's Helpline. Support Services staff then respond within three days.



Research and advocacy



Research



Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)


Since 1998, AWARE has had a sub-committee that writes and submits shadow reports to the United Nations (UN) CEDAW, on the status of women and ongoing gender inequalities in Singapore. This shadow report serves as a complement to Singapore's national submission. AWARE has submitted three such shadow reports: one in 2007, one in 2011 and one in 2017.[7]


AWARE was one of the 13 NGOs that submitted a joint report to the UN CEDAW Committee on 2 October 2017.[8] The report was titled ‘Many Voices, One Movement’.[9] This was the first time that the different NGOs collaborated to produce a joint report. The report highlighted various key recommendations, which included the adoption of gender quotas to improve women's representation in public positions (including the Cabinet); the elimination of the "head of household" concept from policy and decision-making; the implementation of a comprehensive anti-discrimination law to better prevent pregnancy discrimination and discrimination against Muslim women on the basis of religious garb; the decision to allow Muslims to choose to distribute estates in accordance with Muslim or civil law; as well as the removal of marital immunity for all sexual violence offences.[9]



Single parents


AWARE conducted in-depth interviews with single mothers in 2016. The data from the research was gathered to provide material for AWARE's submissions to policy-makers. A report on single parents revealed that public housing policies create serious difficulties for single parents. AWARE believes that these policies should be amended to be more inclusive.[10][11]


The report found that 95% of interviewees who sought public housing faced problems, from unrealistic income ceilings and long debarment periods to a lack of transparency and clarity in policies.[11] The report also outlined the five biggest challenges that they encounter: housing, employment, childcare, poverty and stigma.[11]



Male bullying


AWARE conducted a survey in 2017 on gender-based violence, specifically male bullying. The survey found that 9 in 10 teenage boys faced pressures to be "manly" through experiences of harassment, bullying, teasing, social exclusion, and psychological and physical violence.[12]


The study surveyed 809 male respondents across junior colleges, polytechnics and Institutes of Technical Education. Most participants were aged 17 to 18, and answered based on their experiences during secondary school.[12]


The survey was quoted in various online media outlets, including The Straits Times, The New Paper and Channel NewsAsia.[13][14][15]



Suicide


In conjunction with World Suicide Prevention Day in September 2016, AWARE investigated the impact of and sought a review of the law criminalising suicide. Its report, "Distress is Not a Crime", brought to light women's negative experiences with the law.[16]


Singapore saw, on average, around 400 suicides and 1,000 cases of attempted suicide each year between 2010 and 2014.[17] While few criminal cases are filed and charged (five and one respectively in 2014), arrests are frequent – 862 in 2013 and 901 in 2014.[18]


AWARE's report called for the reform of suicide laws and the improvement of support systems for those in distress. Specifically, it sought the reform and eventual repeal of Section 309 of the Penal Code, which makes attempted suicide an offence.


This generated extensive discussion in the media and online.[19]



Public campaigns



A Single Love: Standing Up for Single Parents


#asinglelove is a campaign initiated by AWARE in collaboration with Kinetic Singapore and Daughters of Tomorrow (DOT), a non-governmental organisation which seeks to improve access to jobs for lower-income women. The campaign was organised to support and empower single parents, promote more supportive and equitable policies for them, and encourage welcoming and inclusive attitudes towards them.


AWARE’s petition for equal rights for single parents was also featured in various media outlets, including Cleo, a women’s magazine.



Gender Equality is our Culture (GEC) Project


Gender Equality is our Culture (GEC) was a project running from September 2013 to December 2018, developed in collaboration with Solidaritas Perempuan in Indonesia.[4] It was funded by the UN Women Fund for Gender Equality.


Through community engagement, the development of Muslim women’s authentic voices, and collaborations within regional networks, GEC worked to counter the state’s narrative that “culture” inhibits a full commitment to gender equality.[20]



Aim For Zero


In November 2018, AWARE launched a two-year campaign called Aim For Zero, urging Singaporeans to move towards a society with zero sexual violence. This campaign was sparked by the global #MeToo movement that erupted in late 2017, whereby women spoke up about the sexual violence they had suffered in their lives. The rise of #MeToo was accompanied by a 79% spike in cases at AWARE's Sexual Assault Care Centre in October 2017.[21]


Aim For Zero had an official launch event on 26 November 2018, International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women. Guest-of-Honour for the opening event was Singapore's Minister for Law and Home Affairs, K Shanmugam. At the event, AWARE debuted a video featuring 10 Singaporean women talking about their own experiences of sexual violence, many for the first time.[22]



Working with policy-makers



Single parents


The Ministry of National Development (MND) had responded to AWARE's in-depth December 2016 study on single parents, saying that it would take the organisation's findings into consideration.[23]


Following the study, AWARE launched a petition on 15 May 2017, in conjunction with the International Day of Families, to lobby the Singapore government to give more help to single parents.[24] The petition launch was accompanied by a video ("Single Parents Talk Housing"), showing six single mothers discussing the challenges they faced when they attempted to obtain housing.[25][26]


Parliamentary push for housing access for single parents also helped to boost AWARE's stance on the issue. On 11 September 2017, Nee Soon Group Representation Constituency (GRC) MP Louis Ng submitted a separate petition to Parliament on behalf of seven single parents.[26] The petition called for amendments to the Housing and Development Act to prevent discrimination based on marital status.[27]


MP Louis Ng hoped that the petition would result in the recognition of unmarried parents and their children as a family nucleus to ensure their eligibility for public housing schemes.[28] In addition, he hoped to remove debarment periods preventing divorced parents from renting from the HDB or owning subsidised flats.[28]


AWARE's study, its petition, the parliamentary push by MP Louis Ng as well as the personal struggles of single parents were covered extensively by the mainstream media.[23][29]



Female caregivers and older women


In 2017, AWARE cast a spotlight on the needs of female caregivers and older women in its advocacy related to Singapore's national budget.[30] With increasing evidence that the impact of the ageing population falls disproportionately on women, the organisation urged the government to budget for care as a social good, rather than leaving its costs for families to address on their own.[4]


As the government moved to enhance protection of older people from abuse with the Vulnerable Adults Act, AWARE also highlighted the importance of balancing the need to empower interventions by public agencies against the rights to privacy and due process.[31] The organisation also emphasised, in the media conversation, the need to place elder abuse in the context of a wider caregiving infrastructure.[32][4]


AWARE addressed similar concerns in its budget recommendations in 2018 and 2019.[33][34]



Migrant spouses


AWARE has kept the rights of foreign spouses on Singapore policy-makers' agendas. AWARE worked with members of parliament to highlight the lack of rights and support for migrant spouses, particularly foreign wives of Singaporean citizen men, as a key women's rights matter at the UN Human Rights Council in June 2016.


To mark International Migrants’ Day in 2016, AWARE also released a policy brief calling for key reforms that would particularly help lower-income transnational families.[35]



Strengthening civil society networks


Power Fund: Women's Fund For Change


AWARE announced the launch of the Power Fund: Women's Fund For Change, a fund to provide emerging women's rights groups with seed funding and other resources, at its annual fundraiser, The Love Ball, in September 2017.[36]



Awards, honours and recognition


In 2015, AWARE was one of Just Cause Asia's top four recommended charities to donate to, out of 10 different women's-focused organisations.[4] Just Cause Asia's conclusions were based on surveys of staff, volunteers, beneficiaries and partners, together with a review of finances and other key documents of each organisation. AWARE scored particularly highly in these areas: legal, governance and finance, mission and strategy, beneficiary and staff satisfaction and reputation.[4]


A 2015 public value survey on AWARE conducted by Brightpurpose found that respondents valued AWARE's influence on policy and legislation, its visible, vocal role in driving discourse by taking public stands, its "strong hands-on grounding in its Support Services and its longevity and strong organisational ethos".[37][38]


AWARE received gold-standard recognition when Singapore's Charity Council presented Charity Governance and Charity Transparency Awards to the organisation in 2016.[4]



References





  1. ^ abcd Official Website Archived 23 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine. AWARE. 2018.


  2. ^ abcd AWARE (2016). "Women Action's Website". Archived from the original on 22 April 2018..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  3. ^ Siraj, Khatijun Nissa and Zaibun Siraj. Interview with Kirsten Han, 24 February 2015.


  4. ^ abcdefghijklmn "Annual Report" (PDF). AWARE. 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 October 2017.


  5. ^ "Sexual Assault Care Centre Website". AWARE. 2018. Archived from the original on 9 December 2018.


  6. ^ abc Toh, Wen Li (9 September 2017). "Aware wants to extend its social support". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 9 December 2018.


  7. ^ "CEDAW Shadow Reports". AWARE.org.sg. Retrieved 20 January 2019.


  8. ^ "Press Release: Local NGOs come together to submit joint report to the UN about gender inequalities in Singapore". Singapore CEDAW Coalition. 3 October 2017. Archived from the original on 9 December 2018.


  9. ^ ab "Many Voices, One Movement" (PDF). Singapore CEDAW Coalition. 2 October 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 December 2018.


  10. ^ AWARE conducted semi-structured interviews with 55 single mothers, 3 single fathers and 25 children of single parents. The report Archived 16 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine only used the data collected from the interviews with the mothers because the sample size for the fathers is small and the children were not directly involved in the process of applying for public housing.


  11. ^ abc "A Single Love Website". AWARE. 2018. Archived from the original on 9 December 2018.


  12. ^ ab "Survey: 9 in 10 teenage boys face social pressures to be "manly", including through violence". AWARE. 12 July 2017. Archived from the original on 9 December 2018.


  13. ^ Kok, Xing Hui (12 July 2017). "Boys told to 'man up' by peers are 4 times more likely to bully others: Survey". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 9 December 2018.


  14. ^ Wong, Mavis (9 October 2017). "When bullying affects the bully and the bullied". The New Paper. Archived from the original on 9 December 2018.


  15. ^ Ng, Desmond (20 August 2017). "'Stop being a girl and man up': Boys face gender police, even as men's roles change". Channel NewsAsia. Archived from the original on 9 December 2018.


  16. ^ "Distress is Not a Crime: Repeal Section 309" (PDF). AWARE. 8 September 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 September 2016.


  17. ^ Siau, Ming En (11 July 2016). "Samaritans of S'pore steps up efforts to aid distressed individuals". TODAYonline. Archived from the original on 9 December 2018.


  18. ^ Zhuo, Tee (18 July 2015). "More Arrested for Attempting Suicide". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 9 December 2018.


  19. ^ Govin, Marian (18 September 2016). "Attempting suicide is illegal, but rare for person to be charged". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 9 December 2018.


  20. ^ The Singapore government has placed reservations on Article 16 Archived 1 April 2011 at WebCite of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) to "protect the rights of minorities in the practice of their personal and religious law.", as mentioned on page 37 in its state report Archived 15 December 2018 at the Wayback Machine. It is clear, then, that the state prioritises minority rights over the rights of women as individuals. Additionally, on page 8 of AWARE's CEDAW Shadow Report Archived 15 December 2018 at the Wayback Machine, it is highlighted that the Singapore state has declined to review its treatment of households as hierarchical, with the male predominantly being the "head of the household".


  21. ^ Wong, Cara (November 30, 2018). "Speaking up on sexual abuse". The Straits Times. Retrieved January 17, 2019.


  22. ^ F., Kathleen (November 30, 2018). "AWARE launches Aim for Zero campaign to end sexual violence". The Online Citizen. Retrieved January 17, 2019.


  23. ^ ab Kok, Xing Hui (16 February 2017). "Accommodate single parents in housing policies, urges Aware". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 14 December 2018.


  24. ^ Toh, Yong Chuan (14 May 2017). "Petition to ease single parents' housing woes". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 14 December 2018.


  25. ^ The video can be found here.


  26. ^ ab "Petition, video on housing for single parents launched on International Day of Families". AWARE. 15 May 2017. Archived from the original on 14 December 2018.


  27. ^ Kok, Xing Hui (11 September 2017). "Parliament: MP submits petition for inclusive housing for single parents". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 14 December 2018.


  28. ^ ab Kok, Xing Hui (7 September 2017). "Single parents: MP to file housing petition". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 14 December 2018.


  29. ^ Kok, Xing Hui (15 February 2017). "Amend housing policies for single parents: Women's group Aware". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 14 December 2018.


  30. ^ Yong, Charissa (17 January 2017). "Aware calls for more help for seniors and caregivers". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 14 December 2018.


  31. ^ Tai, Janice (15 January 2015). "Vulnerable Adults Act to include protection for self-neglect cases". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 15 December 2018.


  32. ^ Cheok, Jacquelyn (2 February 2015). "Singapore's Aware calls for better caregiving infrastructure". The Business Times. Archived from the original on 14 December 2018.


  33. ^ "AWARE calls for a budget for gender equality". January 12, 2018. Retrieved January 17, 2019.


  34. ^ "Budget 2019: AWARE calls for a '4G' budget for all generations". AWARE. January 11, 2019. Retrieved January 17, 2019.


  35. ^ "International Migrants Day: AWARE urges equality and inclusion for foreign wives". AWARE. 14 December 2016. Archived from the original on 19 October 2018.


  36. ^ Toh, Wen Li (8 September 2017). "Aware announces support services in 5 languages and seed fund for emerging women's rights groups". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 14 December 2018.


  37. ^ Brightpurpose conducted in-depth interviews with 24 stakeholders who have experience with AWARE's work, including policy-makers, public agencies, foundations, NGOs, higher education institutes and the media.


  38. ^ "AWARE lauded for its excellent standards of governance". AWARE. 29 September 2016. Archived from the original on 14 December 2018.




External links








  • Official website Edit this at Wikidata

  • Aim For Zero campaign website









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