卡尔·奥尔夫

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奥尔夫 |

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原文名 |
Carl Orff
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出生 |
1895年7月10日 慕尼黑
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逝世 |
1982年3月29日(83歲) 慕尼黑
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国籍 |
德国 |
知名作品 |
康塔塔《博伊伦之歌》《卡图利之歌》,歌剧《聪明姑娘》,布蘭詩歌 |
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所属时期/乐派
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20世纪 |
擅长类型 |
合唱,舞台作品 |
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卡尔·奥尔夫(德語:Carl Orff,1895年7月10日-1982年3月29日),又译卡尔·奥福或卡尔·奥夫,德國作曲家,音乐教育家,指挥家。
生平
奥尔夫一生与慕尼黑这座城市紧密相连,他生于慕尼黑,就学于慕尼黑学院,1914年第一次世界大战爆发后离校参军,1920年随卡明斯基深造又回到慕尼黑。1924年与舞蹈家歌特(Dorothee Günther)在慕尼黑创办冈特学校,从此开始了他长达半个世纪的儿童音乐教育事业,这也使得他和匈牙利作曲家柯达伊并称为儿童音乐教育专家。1982年3月29日,奥尔夫逝世于慕尼黑。
奧福教學法
西元1924年,奧福與舞蹈家歌特(Dorothee Günther)女士共同創辦結合音樂、律動和舞蹈教育的歌特學校(Gunther Schule)。從觀察兒童學習音樂的過程中,奧福了解到兒童學習音樂,應該從培養節奏感開始,先從節奏樂器體驗音樂的趣味,再逐漸加入旋律、和聲等元素,後來逐漸發展而形成「奧福音樂教學法(Orff Approach)」。
音乐
奥尔夫的音乐创作以《博伊伦之歌》(Carmina Burana (英: Songs of Beuren),又译作《布兰诗歌》)最为著名。博伊伦之歌首演于1937年,是奥尔夫的舞台作品《胜利——三联剧》的第一部,副标题为“世俗歌曲”(cantiones profanae);后两部分别为《卡图利之歌》(带布景的表演)和《阿芙洛狄忒的胜利》(带布景的协奏曲)。博伊伦之歌最初作为有布景的舞台音乐发表,后来奥尔夫表示也可以作为音乐会演出使用。
奥尔夫成熟期的舞台音乐风格冷峻,强调节奏的支配地位,这也和他的儿童音乐教育理论相适应。他的作品大量使用打击乐,和声简化到只留下基本的三和弦等几种,旋律创作也强调配合节奏型,但是他的节奏运用非常丰富,具有很大的震撼力和感染力。
奥尔夫早年曾经整理意大利作曲家蒙特威尔第的几部歌剧,包括《波佩阿的加冕》(L'incoronazione di Poppea)。
参见
规范控制 |
- WorldCat Identities
- BNE: XX1014159
- BNF: cb13898114q (data)
- FAST: 501
- GND: 118590219
- ISNI: 0000 0001 0935 4153
- LCCN: n50002347
- MusicBrainz: 0b3ee6cd-a2df-4144-adf9-7807ee7ecc4f
- NDL: 00621237
- NKC: jn20000701347
- NLA: 35400621
- NNL: 000101759
- SELIBR: 212218
- SNAC: w6833tr8
- SUDOC: 030611261
- VIAF: 111157386
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