散彈
Multi tool use
霰彈（shotgun shell，或shotshell）[1][2]，或稱散彈[3]，是一種裝有霰彈丸（shot）或霰彈塊（slug）的子彈，霰彈專門設計成以霰彈槍來發射。
大部分的霰彈設計成在滑膛槍管中擊發，但是最近槍管有膛線而發射一塊霰彈塊的霰彈槍愈來愈流行。線膛槍管提升了發射霰彈塊的霰彈槍的準度，不過也使它不能發射散裝彈丸的霰彈，這會讓射出去的霰彈分布成中間沒彈丸分布的O型圓環狀。一些非致死性的霰彈槍則發射橡膠等低密度的物質。
彈殼／口徑規格
霰彈的彈殼／口徑的單位稱作「Gauge」、「Bore」、「鉛徑」。1顆可以正好塞入12鉛徑霰彈槍的鉛球有1/12磅，因此10鉛徑的霰彈槍口徑比12鉛徑的霰彈槍口徑更大。
鉛徑
|
口徑
|
10
|
0.78" (19.7 mm)
|
12
|
0.73" (18.5 mm)
|
16
|
0.66" (16.8 mm)
|
20
|
0.62" (15.6 mm)
|
28
|
0.55" (14.0 mm)
|
彈丸規格
鳥彈
狩獵鳥類等小型動物用的霰彈。
規格
|
公稱直徑
|
粒/oz(28 g)
|
粒/lb.[4]
|
|
|
鉛彈
|
鋼彈
|
|
FF
|
.23" (5.84 mm)
|
|
35
|
|
F
|
.22" (5.59 mm)
|
|
39
|
|
TT
|
.21" (5.33 mm)
|
|
|
|
T
|
.20" (5.08 mm)
|
36
|
53
|
|
BBB
|
.190" (4.83 mm)
|
44
|
62
|
550
|
BB
|
.180" (4.57 mm)
|
50
|
72
|
650
|
B
|
.170" (4.32 mm)
|
|
|
|
1
|
.160" (4.06 mm)
|
72
|
103
|
925
|
2
|
.150" (3.81 mm)
|
87
|
125
|
1120
|
3
|
.140" (3.56 mm)
|
108
|
158
|
1370
|
4
|
.130" (3.30 mm)
|
135
|
192
|
1720
|
5
|
.120" (3.05 mm)
|
170
|
243
|
2180
|
6
|
.110" (2.79 mm)
|
225
|
315
|
2850
|
7
|
.100" (2.54 mm)
|
|
|
|
7½
|
.095" (2.41 mm)
|
350
|
|
3775
|
8
|
.090" (2.29 mm)
|
410
|
686
|
5150
|
8½
|
.085" (2.15 mm)
|
497
|
|
|
9
|
.080" (2.03 mm)
|
585
|
892
|
7400
|
鹿彈
狩獵鹿等大型動物用的霰彈。
規格
|
公稱直徑
|
粒/oz(28 g)
|
0.60" ("Tri-Ball 12 ")
|
0.60" (15.2 mm)
|
1.4
|
0.52" ("Tri-Ball 20 ")
|
0.52" (13.2 mm)
|
2.1
|
000 ("triple-ought")
|
.36" (9.1 mm)
|
6
|
00 ("double-ought")
|
.33" (8.4 mm)
|
8
|
0 ("ought")
|
.32" (8.1 mm)
|
9
|
1
|
.30" (7.6 mm)
|
10
|
2
|
.27" (6.9 mm)
|
15
|
3
|
.25" (6.4 mm)
|
18
|
4
|
.24" (6 mm)
|
21
|
T
|
.20" (5.08;mm)
|
31.3
|
參考文獻
^ 《重編國語辭典修訂本》，中華民國教育部[永久失效連結]
^ 《漢典》
^ 新浪字典
^ Tungsten shot table 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2008-07-04., used with permission.
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