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Jiutepec is a city and its surrounding municipality in the Mexican state of Morelos.

The name Jiutepec comes from the Nahuatl name Xiutepetl, which means "the precious stones hill". The city has a zocalo (plaza) with a clock tower. The Zocalo is surrounded by trees and, in front of it, is the old church. traditional parties are held. People sell traditional bread, beer, dance the Chinelo Dance, there is music, fireworks and food like esquites and tamales.

The city serves as the municipal seat for the surrounding municipality of the same name. Over recent decades Jiutepec has merged into neighboring Cuernavaca so that on its northeasterly edges it forms one geographically contiguous urban area with the latter. The Cuernavaca metropolitan area not only includes these two municipalities, but also Temixco, Emiliano Zapata, Xochitepec, and Tepoztlán municipalities, for a total population of 787,556.

According to the 2015 census the city of Jiutepec had a population of 153,704 while the municipality reported 214,137 inhabitants.^[1] The city and the municipality rank second in population in the state, behind the city and municipality of Cuernavaca. The municipality has an area of 70.45 km² (27.20 sq mi); its largest community (besides Jiutepec) is the town of Progreso.

The cement industry is an important part of the local economy of Jiutepec and its neighboring municipalities and visitors and residents that live very close to the mine often complain of the high level of dust particles in the atmosphere.

History

Nauhuatl-speaking people arrived in the state of Morelos in the 12th and 13th centuries, where they formed large, important domains such as "Xiutépetl."^[2] In A.D. 1389, Xiutépetl fought a war against Cuauhanauhuac, Tetlama, and Yautepec. In 1425, Aztec emperor Ixcóatl conquered Jiutepec.^[3]

Jiutepec amassed troops to fight Hernan Cortes on April 11, 1521, but they were defeated. Cortes rested for two days in Jiutepec before attacking Cuernavaca on April 13. During the colonial period, Jiutepec came under the jurisdiction of the Marquesado del Valle de Oaxaca.^[4] During the colonial period, four haciendas (San Gaspar, Atlacomulco, Dolores, and San Vicente) and several sugar mills were established. In 1807 there was a rebellion against don Vicente Eguía, and his lands were given to the people of Leyva.^[5]

After the War of Independence, upon creation of the State of Mexico, Jiutepec became a municipality in the District of Cuernavaca.^[6] There were constant conflicts between the haciendas and the peasants over land and water during the 19th century.^[7] Hacienda San Vincente put so much pressure on the people of Amatitlan that they had to abandon their town; in 1852 the governor of the State of Mexico seized lands from the people of Jietepec to give to the Hacienda of Atlacomulco.^[8]

Inhabitants of Jiutepec were extensively involved in the Revolution of 1910. In 1914 the Hacienda of Atlacomulco served as headquarters for the Army of Liberation during the Seige of Cuernavaca. El Texcal was the scene of numerous battles. The town of Jiutepec was burned by federal troops in retaliation on May 8, 1916; 225 revolutionaries were summarily judged and shot by (Carrancist) General Rafael Cepeda (El Democrata May 10, 1916; cited in the book Zapata y la Revolución Mexicana.^[9]

By 1932 land was redistributed in the form of ejidos (collective farmland). The municipality of Emiliano Zapata broke off Jiutepec on December 15, 1932, and Temixco broke off on March 3, 1933. The town of Progreso was founded in March 1934.^[10]

Many people of Jiutepec supported peasant leader Rubén Jaramillo in the 1950s and 1960s, and hundreds from Jiutepec attended his funeral in 1962.

In 1966 the Ciudad Industrial del Valle de Cuernavaca (CIVAC) was established. This industrial city was in conflict with the traditions of the municipality with little benefit in return, as the federal government decreed that industries established in the city would be exempt from taxes for thirty years. 4,000 hectares were expropriated from communal land in Tejalpa, without resistance based on promises that still have not been completed.^[11]

Points of Interest

El Texcal water park features water slides, swimming pools, diving pool, locker rooms, parking, restaurant, guided visits to the ecological zone, and mountain biking route.^[12] Opened in 1992 and located in Tejalpa along the Cuernavaca-Cuautla highway.

Balnario Ejidal Las Fuentes is a small water park with swimming pools and water slides located not far from downtown Jiutepec, Paseo de las Fuentes s/n, Pedregal de Las Fuentes.^[13]

The heart of the Mexican colonial period glows in an old 16th-century sugar hacienda, founded by Hernan Cortes in 1530. Known as San Antonio Atlacomulco, or Ex-Hacienda de Cortes this architectural piece of art is an example of the era of the conquest, its legends engraved in its great dry-stone walls and its historic past enveloped in lush vegetation and crystal-clear running water. Today it is a hotel/restaurant/spa located in Colonia Atlacomulco.^[14]

Hacienda San Gaspar was built by Martin Cortes, son of the conqueror, in the 16th century. Today it hosts special events such as weddings.^[15] There is also an 18-hole, 7,000-yard golf course designed by Joe Finger.^[16]

The church in downtown Jiutepec is the parish of Santiago Apóstol. It is a former 16th-century Franciscan Convent with an 18th-century Baroque retable (altar) that was restored in 1998. There are also frescos on the walls of the cloister and a painting of Cristo Negro (Black Christ) from the 18th century.^[17] Santiago's festival is July 25.

Colonial churches dedicated to San Miguel, San Pedro, and the Assumption can be found in Tejalpa. There is a festival on August 15.

Camino Real Sumiya is a hotel/restaurant styled after a Japanese tea house. It has a Zen garden and a Kabuki theater that is a replica of the one in Kyoto. The hotel was originally the home of Barbara Hutton, the "poor little rich girl" who inherited the Woolworth five-and-dime fortune.^[18]

There is a Carnaval on the 4th Friday of January.

Green mole, mole de pipían and red mole with turkey, green sauce, and guajes make up traditional foods.

Economy

The most important economic activity is manufacturing, centered principally in Civac. This is the largest and most important industrial park in the state with 250 factories and plants. There are 2,500 commercial establishments in the municipality. Agriculture remains important, and there are many nurseries. Flowers are grown commercially and exported; Jietepec is the largest grower of Poinsettias in the country.^[19] There are 60 ceramic shops in the municipality.

Sus zonas turísticas son entre otras, la ex-hacienda de Cortés, el hotel restaurante , el zócalo de la ciudad, cuenta con una reserva ecológica conocida como Predio los Venados localizado junto a la colonia Las Fincas, a este lugar llegan aves de muchos tipos y se han encontrado estelas muy antiguas originales confirmadas por el INAH, (actualmente este predio esta en conflicto legal porque qurían construir 500 departamentos en el) y su iglesia con su cristo negro; también algunos balnearios y ex-balnearios. Además de algunos comercios que se han establecido durante el 2005.

References

• Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México, Morelos

External links

• E-municipios

Coordinates: 18°53′0″N 99°10′0″W / 18.88333°N 99.16667°W / 18.88333; -99.16667

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