螯合物

Multi tool use
螯合物(英语:Chelation)是配合物的一种,在螯合物的结构中,一定有一个或多个多齿配体提供多对电子与中心体形成配位键。“螯”指螃蟹的大钳,此名称比喻多齿配体像螃蟹一样用两只大钳紧紧夹住中心体。
螯合物通常比一般配合物要稳定,其结构中经常具有的五或六元环结构更增强了稳定性。正因为这样,螯合物的稳定常数都非常高,许多螯合反应都是定量进行的,可以用来滴定。使用螯合物还可以掩蔽金属离子。
可形成螯合物的配体叫螯合剂。常见的螯合剂如下:
乙二胺(en),二齿
2,2'-联吡啶(bipy),二齿
1,10-鄰二氮雜菲(phen),二齿
草酸根(ox),二齿
乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA),六齿
值得一提的是EDTA。它能提供2个氮原子和4个羧基氧原子与金属配合,可以用1个分子把需要6配位的钙离子紧紧包裹起来,生成极稳定的产物。其化學結構表示如下:
- (HOOCCH2)2NCH2CH2N(CH2COOH)2
螯合物在工业中用来除去金属杂质,如水的软化、去除有毒的重金属离子等。一些生命必须的物质是螯合物,如血红蛋白和叶绿素中卟啉环上的4个氮原子把金属原子(血红蛋白含Fe2+,叶绿素含Mg2+)固定在环中心。
螯合效应
主条目:螯合效应
- Cu2+ + en ⇌ [Cu(en)]2+ (1)
- Cu2+ + 2 MeNH2 ⇌ [Cu(MeNH2)2]2+ (2)
- [Cu(en] =β11[Cu][en]
- [Cu(MeNH2)2]= β12[Cu][MeNH2]2
- ΔG
= −RT ln K = ΔH
− TΔS
反應平衡式 |
log β |
ΔG
|
ΔH /kJ mol−1
|
−TΔS /kJ mol−1
|
Cd2+ + 4 MeNH2⇌{displaystyle rightleftharpoons } Cd(MeNH2)42+
|
6.55 |
-37.4 |
-57.3 |
19.9
|
Cd2+ + 2 en ⇌{displaystyle rightleftharpoons } Cd(en)22+
|
10.62 |
-60.67 |
-56.48 |
-4.19
|
參考文獻
(英文) Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, IUPAC Recommendations 2005 ("Red Book"), Tabelle VII, Ligand abbreviations, S. 267. (PDF-Datei; 4,14 MB)
(英文) Descripton et utilisation de trisodium calcium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate dans l'élimination des produits transuraniques par chélation [1]. Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site
(法文) Traitement d'ouvriers contaminés par des produits radiologiques avec des infusions de Ca-DPTA. Radioprotection 2004, Vol. 39, n° 3, pages 383 à 387 [2]
螯合剂/螯合疗法(V03AC,其他)
|
|
铁 |
去铁胺# · 去铁酮 · 去铁斯若
|
|
铜 |
青霉胺#
|
|
铅 |
BAL# · EDTA#(右丙亚胺)
|
|
铊 |
普鲁士蓝 |
|
其他/未分组 |
ALA · BAPTA · DTPA · DMPS · DMSA · EGTA
|
|
#世卫基本药物(WHO-EM)
‡从市场撤回
臨床試驗:
|
|
n52bm5G9 Jbd03i5NLVVIXzfZLoqE9Id RPjzQ8,A7D9R oEbg9Q0I
Popular posts from this blog
This article is about the letter of the alphabet. For other uses, see Y (disambiguation). See also: Wye (disambiguation) Y Y y (See below) Usage Writing system Latin script Type Alphabetic and Logographic Language of origin Latin language Phonetic usage [ y ] [ ɨ ] [ j ] [ iː ] [ ɪ ] [ ɘ ] [ ə ] [ ɯ ] [ ɛː ] [ j ] [ ɥ ] [ ɣ̟ ] / w aɪ / / aɪ / Unicode value U+0059, U+0079 Alphabetical position 25 History Development Υ υ 𐌖 Y y Time period 54 to present Descendants • U • V • W • Ỿ • ¥ • Ꮙ • Ꮍ • Ꭹ Sisters F Ѵ У Ў Ұ Ү ו و ܘ וּ וֹ ࠅ 𐎆 𐡅 ወ વ ૂ ુ उ Variations (See below) Other Other letters commonly used with y(x), ly, ny This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. ISO basic Latin alphabet Aa Bb Cc D...
Mount Tamalpais Mount Tamalpais, viewed from the south Highest point Elevation 2,571 ft (784 m) NAVD 88 [1] Prominence 2,456 ft (749 m) [1] Listing California county high points 55th Coordinates 37°55′45″N 122°34′40″W / 37.929088°N 122.577829°W / 37.929088; -122.577829 Coordinates: 37°55′45″N 122°34′40″W / 37.929088°N 122.577829°W / 37.929088; -122.577829 [1] Geography Mount Tamalpais Marin County, California, U.S. Show map of California Mount Tamalpais Mount Tamalpais (the US) Show map of the US Parent range California Coast Ranges Topo map USGS San Rafael Geology Mountain type Sedimentary Climbing First ascent 1830s by Jacob P. Leese (first recorded ascent) [2] Easiest route Railroad Grade fire trail Mount Tamalpais ( / t æ m əl ˈ p aɪ . ɪ s / ; TAM -əl- PY -iss ; Coast Miwok: /t̪ɑmɑlˈpɑis̺/ , known locally as Mount Tam ) is a peak in Marin County, California, United State...
FMW Women's Championship Details Promotion Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling [1] Date established November 5, 1990 [1] Date retired September 28, 1997 Other name(s) WWA World Women's Championship FMW Independent Women's Championship Statistics First champion(s) Combat Toyoda [1] Most reigns Megumi Kudo (6 reigns) [1] Longest reign Megumi Kudo (426 days) [1] Shortest reign Shark Tsuchiya (<1 day) [1] The FMW Women's Championship (or the FMW Independent Women's & WWA Women's Championship ) was two Japanese women's professional wrestling championships (WWA World Women's Championship and FMW Independent World Women's Championship) contested in the promotion Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling (FMW). During the heyday of FMW, the female wrestlers wrestled in the same types of bloody death matches as the FMW men, and were feared by other Japanese female wrestlers for their toughness and intensity. ...