碳酸盐







Mergefrom.svg
 建議将碳酸根併入本條目或章節。（討論）

碳酸盐是指含CO32-的盐。碳酸盐遇酸能发生复分解反应产生CO2（碱式碳酸盐还能产生水），实验室通常利用这一原理检验某固体含碳酸盐及制取CO2。碳酸盐通常不如其他常见盐（如硫酸盐，卤盐）稳定，仅活泼金属（全部碱金属及钡，锶等）的碳酸盐不易分解，其余盐加热未到熔沸点便已分解，金属越不活泼分解温度越低，产物为对应金属氧化物及CO2。



碳酸盐的种类



  • 正盐：其中阳离子全为金属离子或NH+
    4    ，不含H+的盐。如：CaCO3,(NH4)2CO3等。


  • 酸式碳酸盐：阳离子含H+的盐，读作“碳酸氢某”。如：NaHCO3,NH4HCO3等。

通常，碳酸盐溶液中通入CO2得酸式碳酸盐；甚至微溶的碳酸盐在水中通入CO2，也将转化为可溶性的酸式碳酸盐。例如：碳酸钙在水中通入CO2即转化为酸式碳酸钙而溶解；酸式碳酸盐也叫碳酸氢盐或重碳酸盐；加热即放出CO2而成碳酸正盐，加热到更高温度进一步分解为对应金属氧化物及CO2。


  • 碱式碳酸盐:阴离子含OH−的碳酸盐，读作“碱式碳酸某”。如Cu2(OH)2CO3、碱式碳酸铅等，也可以当作是另一类型的碳酸盐。


常见的碳酸盐




  • 碳酸钠（NaCO3），俗称纯碱或者苏打。


  • 碳酸钙（CaCO3），俗称白堊或石灰石或者大理石。






























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