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India
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The Vidhan Parishad or the State Legislative Council is the upper house in those states of India that have a bicameral legislature. Article 169 of the Constitution of India provides for the establishment of a Vidhan Parishad. As of 2018^[update], 7 out of 29 states have a State Legislative Council.^[1]Members of the Legislative Councils (MLCs) are elected by local bodies, state legislative assembly, governor, graduates and teachers. They are elected for a term of 6 years in the legislative council. One third of the members are retired in every two years.

Membership

Each Member of the Legislative Council (MLC) serves for a six-year term, with terms staggered so that the terms of one third of a council's membership expire every two years. This arrangement parallels that for the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Parliament of India.

MLCs must be citizens of India, at least 30 years old, mentally sound, not an insolvent, and on the voters' list of the state for which he or she is contesting an election. He or she may not be a Member of Parliament at the same time.

The size of the Vidhan Parishad cannot be more than one third of the membership of the Vidhan Sabha. However, its size cannot be less than 40 members (except in Jammu and Kashmir, where there are 36 by an Act of Parliament.)

MLCs are chosen in the following manner:

• One third are elected by members of local bodies such as municipalities, gram sabhas/gram panchayats, panchayat samitis and Zila Parishads.


• One third are elected by members of Legislative Assemblies of the State from among the persons who are not members of the Assembly.


• One sixth are nominated by the governor from persons having knowledge or practical experience in fields such as literature, science, arts, the co-operative movement and social service.


• One twelfth are elected by persons who are graduates of three years' standing residing in that state.


• One twelfth are elected by persons engaged for at least three years in teaching in educational institutions within the state not lower than secondary schools, including colleges and universities.

List of State Legislative Councils

State Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad)	Image	List of constituencies	Location/state capital	Number of constituencies	Governing party
Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council		List of constituencies of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council	Amaravati	58	Telugu Desam Party
Bihar Legislative Council		List of constituencies of the Bihar Legislative Council	Patna	75	Janata Dal (United)
Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Council		List of constituencies of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Council	Srinagar (Summer) Jammu (Winter)	36	Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party
Karnataka Legislative Council		List of constituencies of the Karnataka Legislative Council	Bangalore	75	Indian National Congress
Maharashtra Legislative Council		List of constituencies of the Maharashtra Legislative Council	Mumbai (Summer) Nagpur (Winter)	78	Bharatiya Janata Party
Telangana Legislative Council		List of constituencies of the Telangana Legislative Council	Hyderabad	40	Telangana Rashtra Samithi
Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council		List of constituencies of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council	Lucknow	100	Bharatiya Janata Party
Total		—	—	462	—

Proposed State Legislative Councils

The existence of a State Legislative Council has proven politically controversial. A number of states that have had their Council abolished have subsequently requested its re-establishment; conversely, proposals for the re-establishment of the Council for a state have also met with opposition. Proposals for abolition or re-establishment of a state's Legislative Council require confirmation by the Parliament of India.

• 
  Assam Legislative Council, which was abolished and wants reconstruction.


• 
  Madhya Pradesh Legislative Council, which was abolished and wants reconstruction.


• 
  Punjab Legislative Council, which was abolished and wants reconstruction.


• 
  Tamil Nadu Legislative Council, whish was abolished and wants reconstruction.


• 
  West Bengal Legislative Council, which was abolished and wants reconstruction.


• 
  Odisha Legislative Council, which wants construction.


• 
  Rajasthan Legislative Council, which wants construction.


• 
  Uttarakhand Legislative Council, which wants construction.


• 
  Delhi Legislative Council, which wants construction.

See also

• Legislative assembly


• Legislative council


• Politics of India

References