禿髮烏孤

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武威武王
概要
姓名
禿髮烏孤
庙号
烈祖
谥号
武王
陵墓
--
政权
南涼(武威王)
在世
？-399年
在位
397年-399年
年号
太初：397年-399年

武威武王禿髮烏孤（？－399年），河西鮮卑人，十六国时期南涼政權建立者(武威王)。禿髮鮮卑首領，稱武威王，其父禿髮思復鞬亦為禿髮鮮卑族首領。




目录






  • 1 生平


  • 2 後代


    • 2.1 子


    • 2.2 孫




  • 3 參考資料





生平


禿髮思復鞬死後，禿髮烏孤接任禿髮鮮卑首領，他勇猛威武，且有大志，並圖謀奪取時由後涼控制的涼州。禿髮烏孤於是致力發展農業，與鄰邦修好，禮待賢士，以積聚力量。後涼麟嘉六年（394年），涼王吕光封為冠军大将军、河西鲜卑大都统、广武县侯，其部屬石真若留認為當時禿髮烏孤的根基未穩，尚未是後涼的對手，建議禿髮烏孤暫時接受，等待機會。禿髮烏孤因而接受。


次年（395年）破乙弗、折掘二部，並自建廉川堡（今青海民和縣西北）作都城，此後再受後涼封為广武郡公。後涼龍飛元年（396年）呂光稱天王，又遣使署征南大将军、益州牧、左贤王，禿髮乌孤指呂光諸子貪淫，甥子暴虐，以不違百姓之心及不受不義爵位為由拒絕不受。及於次年正式叛後涼自立，自称大都督、大将军、大单于、西平王，改年号太初，並攻克後涼控制的金城（今甘肅蘭州市西北），後更於街亭（今甘肅秦安縣东北）擊敗前來討伐的後涼軍。次年（398年），後秦樂都、湟河、澆河三郡、嶺南羌胡數萬落及後涼將領楊軌、王乞基皆向禿髮烏孤歸降。禿髮烏孤於同年改稱武威王。太初三年（399年），烏孤遷都樂都（今青海樂都）。當時禿髮烏孤選任官員包括了胡人豪族、當地有德望之士、文武才俊、中原遷來的有才之士以及秦雍世族子弟，皆以其才授官。


同年禿髮烏孤因酒後坠马伤及肋骨，傷重而死，死前向臣下表示應當立年長新君，故由其弟禿髮利鹿孤繼位。諡號為武王，廟號烈祖。



後代



子




  • 禿髮羌奴，烏孤子，因為烏孤去世時尚年幼，沒能繼位。


  • 禿髮赴單，烏孤子，南涼亡後獲西秦乞伏熾磐任命為西平太守。



孫



  • 禿髮承鉢，烏孤孫，南涼滅亡時投奔沮渠蒙遜，後入北魏，封昌松公。


參考資料



  • 《晉書·禿髮烏孤傳》

  • 《資治通鑑》（卷一百八及一百九）



















































































































前任：
--
南涼君主
397-399
 繼任：
弟南涼康王禿髮利鹿孤



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