模式種




模式種是生物分類學上的一個名詞，是用來代表一個屬或屬以下分類群的物種，又称典型种。模式種可以指示出該生物分類單元下的生物學特徵，它既是一個概念，也是一個生物分類法上實際存在的系統。




目录






  • 1 植物分類學裡的模式種


    • 1.1 定義


    • 1.2 原則




  • 2 參見


  • 3 参考文献


  • 4 外部連結





植物分類學裡的模式種



定義


模式種一般來說是指：當為一個屬被命名時，需要指定一個種作為成立此屬的依據，此被指定的種即稱為此屬的模式種。任一屬或屬的次分類階層的學名之模式，來自種名，也就是種名在屬的命名時被認為等同此種的模式標本[1]。



原則


處理植物命名時，與模式相關的法規乃依據國際植物命名法規，當中原則二規定：「藉由命名模式來給定植物分類群名稱。[2]」由此原則衍生的相關問題在國際植物命名法規所有界定、討論者，泛稱為模式法[3]。


例如：早田蘭屬（Hayata Aver.）



  1. 2009年，Leonid V. Averyanov北越的採集發現新種蘭科植物裂唇早田蘭（Hayata glandulifera Aver.），擬新增新的屬名，Hayata。

  2. Averyanov指定以早田文藏所發表的植物東部線柱蘭（Hayata tabiyahanensis）為本屬的模式種[4]，並以Hayata命名，以紀念早田文藏。



參見



  • 正模標本

  • 副模標本

  • 模式生物



参考文献





  1. ^ VIENNA CODE: Article 10.1 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2012-10-06.。


  2. ^ VIENNA CODE:Principle II 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2012-10-06.，「The application of names of taxonomic groups is determined by means of nomenclatural types.」。


  3. ^ [VIENNA CODE, Chapter II, section 2]，國際植物命名法規第二章第二節第7至10條款。


  4. ^ Averyanov. 2009.，早田於1916年發表於《臺灣植物圖譜》第六冊：Zeuxine tabiyahanensis Hayata，乃採自東部的Tabiyahanzan；同時本屬還包括了不丹的特有種Hayata sherriffii（N. Pearce & P. J. Cribb）Aver.，及此次（2009年）發現於北越的Hayata glandulifera Aver.。



  • McNeill, J. et al. 2006. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Vienna Code). Regnum Vegetabile 146. A.R.G. Gantner Verlag KG. ISBN 0080-0694. Vienna Code on-line version


外部連結



  • 如何為植物命名？


  • 什麼是模式標本[永久失效連結]




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