法兰西公学院(Le Collège de France),亦可称为“法兰西公开学术院”,是法国历史最悠久的学术机构,由法国国王弗朗索瓦一世(François I)成立于1530年,比法兰西学术院(L'Académie Française, 1635)早105年,比法蘭西學會(L'Institut de France , 1795)早265年。
在上海译文出版社出版的《法汉词典》中,Collège一词有六项定义,其中之一就是Collège de France,但是被译作“法兰西学院”。
法国著名的利特雷(Littré)《法兰西语言词典》也将Collège de France专门列出,并解释说:“这是由弗朗索瓦一世在巴黎成立的机构,在里面向公众传授人类的高级知识,即渊博的文学和科学知识”。
在此意义上,法文的Collège相当于英文的College,所以中文译为“学院”符合其原义。根据它面向大众的“开门办学”特色,将Collège de France译为“法兰西公学院”既名副其实,又清楚明白。
所谓“清楚明白”,就是不会跟“法蘭西學會”(L'Institut de France)或“法兰西学术院”(L'Académie Française)混淆起来。因为在汉语里将三者都译为“法兰西学院”,所以不只是一般人難以分辨,就算是学者、行家也只有见到法文原名才能搞清楚。
最新知识
应该把“法兰西公学院”跟“国家科研中心”(Centre national de la recherche scientifique,CNRS)及其它学院(例如“国立健康与医学研究学院” Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale,INSERM、「国立农学研究学院」Institut national de la recherche agronomique,INRA...等机构)区别开来。如果它像后者一样从事基础研究,那它还有义务在特殊教育领域传播研究结果。实际上公学院的教授们所传授的是正在形成的知识。
This article is about the letter of the alphabet. For other uses, see Y (disambiguation). See also: Wye (disambiguation) Y Y y (See below) Usage Writing system Latin script Type Alphabetic and Logographic Language of origin Latin language Phonetic usage [ y ] [ ɨ ] [ j ] [ iː ] [ ɪ ] [ ɘ ] [ ə ] [ ɯ ] [ ɛː ] [ j ] [ ɥ ] [ ɣ̟ ] / w aɪ / / aɪ / Unicode value U+0059, U+0079 Alphabetical position 25 History Development Υ υ 𐌖 Y y Time period 54 to present Descendants • U • V • W • Ỿ • ¥ • Ꮙ • Ꮍ • Ꭹ Sisters F Ѵ У Ў Ұ Ү ו و ܘ וּ וֹ ࠅ 𐎆 𐡅 ወ વ ૂ ુ उ Variations (See below) Other Other letters commonly used with y(x), ly, ny This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. ISO basic Latin alphabet Aa Bb Cc D...
Mount Tamalpais Mount Tamalpais, viewed from the south Highest point Elevation 2,571 ft (784 m) NAVD 88 [1] Prominence 2,456 ft (749 m) [1] Listing California county high points 55th Coordinates 37°55′45″N 122°34′40″W / 37.929088°N 122.577829°W / 37.929088; -122.577829 Coordinates: 37°55′45″N 122°34′40″W / 37.929088°N 122.577829°W / 37.929088; -122.577829 [1] Geography Mount Tamalpais Marin County, California, U.S. Show map of California Mount Tamalpais Mount Tamalpais (the US) Show map of the US Parent range California Coast Ranges Topo map USGS San Rafael Geology Mountain type Sedimentary Climbing First ascent 1830s by Jacob P. Leese (first recorded ascent) [2] Easiest route Railroad Grade fire trail Mount Tamalpais ( / t æ m əl ˈ p aɪ . ɪ s / ; TAM -əl- PY -iss ; Coast Miwok: /t̪ɑmɑlˈpɑis̺/ , known locally as Mount Tam ) is a peak in Marin County, California, United State...
FMW Women's Championship Details Promotion Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling [1] Date established November 5, 1990 [1] Date retired September 28, 1997 Other name(s) WWA World Women's Championship FMW Independent Women's Championship Statistics First champion(s) Combat Toyoda [1] Most reigns Megumi Kudo (6 reigns) [1] Longest reign Megumi Kudo (426 days) [1] Shortest reign Shark Tsuchiya (<1 day) [1] The FMW Women's Championship (or the FMW Independent Women's & WWA Women's Championship ) was two Japanese women's professional wrestling championships (WWA World Women's Championship and FMW Independent World Women's Championship) contested in the promotion Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling (FMW). During the heyday of FMW, the female wrestlers wrestled in the same types of bloody death matches as the FMW men, and were feared by other Japanese female wrestlers for their toughness and intensity. ...