1933年,威拉德邁倫·艾倫(Willard Myron Allen)和羅切斯特大學醫學院(University of Rochester Medical School)的解剖學教授喬治·華盛頓(George Washington Corner)共同發現了孕激素。艾倫首先確定其熔點、分子量、化學結構。
就像其他類固醇,孕酮由環狀碳水化合物組成。孕酮含有酮,氧化官能基和兩個甲基。且孕酮是疏水性的(因為沒有高度極化的官能基)。
^Allen WM (1935). "The isolation of crystalline progestin". Science 82 (2118): 89–93.doi:10.1126/science.082.2118.89. PMID 17747122
^Butenandt A, Westphal U (1934). "Zur Isolierung und Charakterisierung des Corpusluteum-Hormons". Berichte Deu0tsche chemische Gesellschaft 67 (8): 1440–1442.doi:10.1002/cber.19340670831
^Hartmann M, Wettstein A (1934). "Ein krystallisiertes Hormon aus Corpus luteum". Helvetica Chimica Acta 17: 878–882.doi:10.1002/hlca.193401701111
^Slotta KH, Ruschig H, Fels E (1934). "Reindarstellung der Hormone aus dem Corpusluteum". Berichte Deutsche chemische Gesellschaft 67 (7): 1270–1273.doi:10.1002/cber.19340670729
^Effect of progesterone treatment due to threatened abortion in early pregnancy for obstetric and perinatal outcomes Lijun Duan, Denglu Yan, Weiyue Zeng, Xiao Yang, Qiang Wei Early human development 1 January 2010 (volume 86 issue 1 Pages 41-43 doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2009.12.007)
^Miscarriage - threatened: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. A.D.A.M., Inc. [2010-05-30](英语).
^Wahabi HA, Abed Althagafi NF, Elawad M, Al Zeidan RA. Progestogen for treating threatened miscarriage. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD005943. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005943.pub2.
^Jodie M Dodd; Caroline A Crowther. The role of progesterone in prevention of preterm birth. International Journal of Women’s Health (Dovepress(英语:Dovepress)). 2009-07-30, 2009 (I): 73–81 [2010-05-31](英语).引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
參見 雄激素类 • 雌激素类和孕激素类 • Glucocorticoids and antiglucocorticoids(英语:Template:Glucocorticoids and antiglucocorticoids) • Mineralocorticoids and antimineralocorticoids(英语:Template:Mineralocorticoids and antimineralocorticoids) • Gonadotropins and GnRH(英语:Template:Gonadotropins and GnRH)
參見 雄激素类 • 雌激素类和孕激素类 • Glucocorticoids and antiglucocorticoids(英语:Template:Glucocorticoids and antiglucocorticoids) • Mineralocorticoids and antimineralocorticoids(英语:Template:Mineralocorticoids and antimineralocorticoids) • Gonadotropins and GnRH(英语:Template:Gonadotropins and GnRH)
This article is about the letter of the alphabet. For other uses, see Y (disambiguation). See also: Wye (disambiguation) Y Y y (See below) Usage Writing system Latin script Type Alphabetic and Logographic Language of origin Latin language Phonetic usage [ y ] [ ɨ ] [ j ] [ iː ] [ ɪ ] [ ɘ ] [ ə ] [ ɯ ] [ ɛː ] [ j ] [ ɥ ] [ ɣ̟ ] / w aɪ / / aɪ / Unicode value U+0059, U+0079 Alphabetical position 25 History Development Υ υ 𐌖 Y y Time period 54 to present Descendants • U • V • W • Ỿ • ¥ • Ꮙ • Ꮍ • Ꭹ Sisters F Ѵ У Ў Ұ Ү ו و ܘ וּ וֹ ࠅ 𐎆 𐡅 ወ વ ૂ ુ उ Variations (See below) Other Other letters commonly used with y(x), ly, ny This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. ISO basic Latin alphabet Aa Bb Cc D...
Battle of Cold Harbor Part of the American Civil War Battle of Cold Harbor by Kurz and Allison, 1888 Date May 31 ( 1864-05-31 ) – June 12, 1864 ( 1864-06-13 ) Location Hanover County, near Mechanicsville, Virginia 37°35′24″N 77°17′06″W / 37.59°N 77.285°W / 37.59; -77.285 Coordinates: 37°35′24″N 77°17′06″W / 37.59°N 77.285°W / 37.59; -77.285 Result Confederate victory [1] Belligerents United States (Union) CSA (Confederacy) Commanders and leaders Ulysses S. Grant George G. Meade Robert E. Lee Units involved Army of the Potomac [2] XVIII Corps [3] (Army of the James) Army of Northern Virginia Strength 108–117,000 [4] 59–62,000 [4] Casualties and losses 12,738 total 1,845 killed 9,077 wounded 1,816 captured/missing [5] [6] 5,287 total 788 killed 3,376 wounded 1,123 captured/missing [6] v t e Overland Campaign Wilderness Spotsylvania Court House Yellow Tavern Meadow Br...