1933年,威拉德邁倫·艾倫(Willard Myron Allen)和羅切斯特大學醫學院(University of Rochester Medical School)的解剖學教授喬治·華盛頓(George Washington Corner)共同發現了孕激素。艾倫首先確定其熔點、分子量、化學結構。
就像其他類固醇,孕酮由環狀碳水化合物組成。孕酮含有酮,氧化官能基和兩個甲基。且孕酮是疏水性的(因為沒有高度極化的官能基)。
^Allen WM (1935). "The isolation of crystalline progestin". Science 82 (2118): 89–93.doi:10.1126/science.082.2118.89. PMID 17747122
^Butenandt A, Westphal U (1934). "Zur Isolierung und Charakterisierung des Corpusluteum-Hormons". Berichte Deu0tsche chemische Gesellschaft 67 (8): 1440–1442.doi:10.1002/cber.19340670831
^Hartmann M, Wettstein A (1934). "Ein krystallisiertes Hormon aus Corpus luteum". Helvetica Chimica Acta 17: 878–882.doi:10.1002/hlca.193401701111
^Slotta KH, Ruschig H, Fels E (1934). "Reindarstellung der Hormone aus dem Corpusluteum". Berichte Deutsche chemische Gesellschaft 67 (7): 1270–1273.doi:10.1002/cber.19340670729
^Effect of progesterone treatment due to threatened abortion in early pregnancy for obstetric and perinatal outcomes Lijun Duan, Denglu Yan, Weiyue Zeng, Xiao Yang, Qiang Wei Early human development 1 January 2010 (volume 86 issue 1 Pages 41-43 doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2009.12.007)
^Miscarriage - threatened: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. A.D.A.M., Inc. [2010-05-30](英语).
^Wahabi HA, Abed Althagafi NF, Elawad M, Al Zeidan RA. Progestogen for treating threatened miscarriage. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD005943. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005943.pub2.
^Jodie M Dodd; Caroline A Crowther. The role of progesterone in prevention of preterm birth. International Journal of Women’s Health (Dovepress(英语:Dovepress)). 2009-07-30, 2009 (I): 73–81 [2010-05-31](英语).引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
參見 雄激素类 • 雌激素类和孕激素类 • Glucocorticoids and antiglucocorticoids(英语:Template:Glucocorticoids and antiglucocorticoids) • Mineralocorticoids and antimineralocorticoids(英语:Template:Mineralocorticoids and antimineralocorticoids) • Gonadotropins and GnRH(英语:Template:Gonadotropins and GnRH)
參見 雄激素类 • 雌激素类和孕激素类 • Glucocorticoids and antiglucocorticoids(英语:Template:Glucocorticoids and antiglucocorticoids) • Mineralocorticoids and antimineralocorticoids(英语:Template:Mineralocorticoids and antimineralocorticoids) • Gonadotropins and GnRH(英语:Template:Gonadotropins and GnRH)
Solomon Grigor'evich Mikhlin Solomon Grigor'evich Mikhlin Born 23 April 1908 Kholmech, Minsk Governorate, Russian Empire Died 29 August 1990 (1990-08-29) (aged 82) [1] Saint Petersburg (former Leningrad) Nationality Soviet Alma mater Leningrad University (1929) Known for Elasticity theory singular integrals numerical analysis Awards Order of the Badge of Honour (1961) Laurea honoris causa by the Karl-Marx-Stadt Polytechnic (1968) Membership of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina (1970) Membership of the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei (1981) Scientific career Fields Mathematics and mechanics Institutions Seismological Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1932–1941) Kazakh University in Alma Ata (1941–1944) Leningrad University (now Saint Petersburg State University) (1944–1990) Academic advisors Vladimir Smirnov, Leningrad University, master thesis Doctoral students see the teaching ac...
For other uses, see Schooner (disambiguation). A traditional gaff topsail schooner Schooner rigging: 1 ) Bowsprit 2 ) Jib & fore staysail 3 ) Fore gaffsail & topsail 4 ) Main staysail 5 ) Main gaff topsail 6 ) Mainsail 7 ) End of boom A schooner / ˈ s k uː n ər / is a type of sailing vessel with fore-and-aft sails on two or more masts. The most common type has two masts, the foremast being shorter than the main. While the schooner was originally gaff-rigged, modern schooners typically carry a Bermuda rig. Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 3 Usage 4 Schooner sail plan 4.1 Schooner rationale 5 Multi-masted schooners 6 Famous schooners 7 Gallery 8 See also 9 References 10 External links Etymology Traditional square topsail schooner Shenandoah , sailing in Nantucket Sound. The first detailed definition of a schooner, describing the vessel as two-masted vessel with fore and aft gaff-rigged sails appeared in ...