眩暈 (醫學)

Multi tool use

维基百科中的醫療相关内容仅供参考,詳見
醫學聲明。如需专业意见请咨询专业人士。

「
眩晕」重定向至此。關於一部日本小說,詳見「
眩暈 (小說)」。

本文介紹的是英文名稱為Vertigo的症狀。關於其他類似症狀,請見「
頭暈」。
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眩暈 Vertigo |

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水平方向的眼球震顫,這是一種眩暈病人有時會出現的病徵 |
發音 |
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醫學專科 |
耳鼻喉科學
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症状 |
有天旋地轉或是搖晃的感覺、呕吐、很難走路[1][2]
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肇因 |
良性陣發性姿勢性眩暈(BPPV)、美尼尔氏综合症、迷路炎、中風、脑肿瘤、腦受傷、多发性硬化症、前庭型偏頭痛[1][2]
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相似疾病或共病 |
暈厥前期、失衡症、其他非特異性的頭暈[2]
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盛行率 |
20–40%的人曾發生過[3]
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[编辑维基数据]
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眩暈(Vertigo),是用來形容一個人靜止時卻感到周邊環境有相對運動的狀態[1]。患者會有天旋地轉或是搖晃的感覺[1][2]。常伴隨噁心、嘔吐、盜汗或是行走困難。當頭部有所移動的時候,眩暈的症狀會加劇。眩暈是最常見的頭暈(Dizziness)類型[2]。
最常造成眩暈的疾病是良性陣發性姿勢性眩暈、美尼尔氏综合症及迷路炎[1][2],比較罕見的原因有中風、脑肿瘤、腦部外傷、多發性硬化症及前庭型偏頭痛[2]。若在特定運動下維持太長時間,可能會出現生理性眩晕,例如在船上,或是在眼睛閉著時用力的轉頭[4][5]。其他的原因可能包括暴露在有毒物質下,例如過量的酒精或阿斯匹林等[6]。眩暈可能是因為前庭系统中的問題而造成,其他頭暈的原因可能包括暈厥前期、失衡症及其他非特異性的頭暈[2]。
良性陣發性姿勢性眩暈常見的情形是在移動時有發作頻繁的眩暈,在發作過程中身體正常[7]。眩暈持續的時間少於一分鐘[2]。Dix-Hallpike測試一般會出現一段快速眼球晃動的期間,稱為眼球震颤[1]。美尼尔氏综合症一般會伴隨著耳鸣、聽覺減弱,而眩暈會維持超過20分鐘。迷路炎的眩暈是突然出現的,而且會在沒有變換姿勢時出現眼球震顫[7],此情形下眩暈可能會維持幾天。眩暈也可能是因為更嚴重的原因造成[7],尤其眩暈伴隨著虛弱、頭痛、复视及麻痺等症狀一起出現時[2]。
一般大眾之中約20%至40%的人曾經有頭暈的症狀,另外大眾中約有7.5%至10%的比例民眾有眩暈的症狀[3]。一年內約有5%的人有眩暈的症狀,隨著年齡增加,眩暈的比例會提高,女性有眩暈症狀的是男性的三倍。在已開發國家,有2%至3%的病患是因為眩暈而至急診部門就診[8]。
參考文獻
^ 1.01.11.21.31.41.5 Post, RE; Dickerson, LM. Dizziness: a diagnostic approach. American Family Physician. 2010, 82 (4): 361–369. PMID 20704166.
^ 2.02.12.22.32.42.52.62.72.82.9 Hogue, JD. Office Evaluation of Dizziness.. Primary care. June 2015, 42 (2): 249–258. PMID 25979586.
^ 3.03.1 von Brevern, M; Neuhauser, H. Epidemiological evidence for a link between vertigo & migraine. Journal of vestibular research: equilibrium & orientation. 2011, 21 (6): 299–304. PMID 22348934. doi:10.3233/VES-2011-0423.
^ Falvo, Donna R. Medical and psychosocial aspects of chronic illness and disability 5. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2014: 273. ISBN 9781449694425.
^ Wardlaw, Joanna M. Clinical neurology. London: Manson. 2008: 107. ISBN 9781840765182.
^ Goebel, Joel A. Practical management of the dizzy patient 2nd. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2008: 97. ISBN 9780781765626.
^ 7.07.17.2 Kerber, KA. Vertigo and dizziness in the emergency department. Emergency medicine clinics of North America. 2009, 27 (1): 39–50. PMC 2676794. PMID 19218018. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2008.09.002.
^ Neuhauser HK, Lempert T. Vertigo: epidemiologic aspects. Semin Neurol. November 2009, 29 (5): 473–81. PMID 19834858. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1241043.
外部連結
分類 |
ICD-10: H81 , R42
ICD-9-CM: 438.85, 780.4
MeSH: D014717
DiseasesDB: 29286
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外部資源 |
eMedicine: article/1159385
Patient UK:
眩暈 (醫學)
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關於聽覺和平衡能力疾病的症狀和醫學徵象 (R30–R39, 788)
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听觉 |
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平衡能力 |
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其他 |
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症狀和醫學徵象:認知、知觉、情绪、行為 (R40–R46, 780.0–780.5, 781.1)
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認知 |
意識的改變 |
Confusion (譫妄)
- 昏睡
- Obtundation
- Stupor
Unconsciousness
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昏厥 |
- 颈动脉窦
- Heat syncope
- Vasovagal episode
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其他 |
失憶症
頭暈
- 眩暈 (醫學)
Presyncope/頭重腳輕
- Disequilibrium
- 驚厥
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情绪 |
- 焦慮
- 应激性
- Hostility
- Suicidal ideation
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行為 |
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知觉/ sensation disorder
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嗅觉:Anosmia
- Hyposmia
- Dysosmia
- Parosmia
- Phantosmia
- Hyperosmia
味觉:Ageusia
- Hypogeusia
- Dysgeusia
- Parageusia
- 味覺過敏
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癲癇發作和癲癇(G40–G41)
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基本 |
- 癲癇發作的種類
- 先兆
- Postictal 狀態
- 原發性癲癇
- 有癲癇的兒童
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治療 |
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生活的不便 |
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癲癇的類別 |
聚焦式癲癇發作 |
- 癲癇發作
- 簡單局部的癲癇發作
- 複雜的局部癲癇發作
- 傻笑式癲癇發作
- 癲癇
- 顳葉癲癇
- 額葉癲癇
- Rolandic 癲癇
- 夜發的癲癇
- Panayiotopoulos 症狀
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總體 |
- 强直-阵挛性发作
- 沒有發作
- 異音發作
- 自發性
- 良性的家庭新生兒之癲癇
- L-G綜合症
- Doose綜合症
- 韋斯特綜合症
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癲癇重積狀態 |
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肌陣攣性癲癇 |
漸進的肌陣攣性癲癇
- 牙垢 - 蒼白球炎萎縮
- U-L疾病
- 肌抽躍癲癇合併紅色襤褸肌纖維症
- 拉菲羅病
- 未成年之肌陣攣性癲癇
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假性癲癇 |
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相關疾病 |
- 突發的癲癇致死
- 托德的麻痺症
- 蘭多克萊夫納綜合徵
- 對物的癲癇
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癲癇支持性團體組織 |
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