抽搐

Multi tool use

维基百科中的醫療相关内容仅供参考,詳見
醫學聲明。如需专业意见请咨询专业人士。
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Cramp |
分类和外部资源 |
ICD-10
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R25.2
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ICD-9-CM
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729.82
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DiseasesDB |
3151
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MedlinePlus |
003193
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Patient UK |
抽搐
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MeSH |
D009120
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[编辑此条目的维基数据]
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關於与「
抽搐」名称相近或相同的条目,請見「
抽搐 (消歧義)」。
抽搐(英語:Cramp),俗称抽筋,人类身体肌肉系统常见的收缩现象。
发作时会使得受伤者感觉疼痛或受到極大壓力。常常是因为从静止状态直接转做剧烈运动而导致的。人身体的肌肉是能收缩的,带弹性的,在静止状态下肌肉会在某种状态下保持着,如果突然改变成运动状态,那么肌肉也必须突然的改变状态,从收缩变放松,或放松变收缩。这时常会导致人体肌肉虽然接收到脑传出做运动的信号,但一时却反应不过来,产生痉挛(肌肉自动收缩),也就是肌肉“不听使唤”。这时候,肌肉触摸上去会感觉紧张且发硬,还有可能会发现肌肉外表变形。发作后如果受伤者停止运动,会持续5至10分钟便会自然地恢复正常。但是如果10分钟后依然还是没有恢复肌肉在静止状态下的原状,很有可能有其他的更严重的潜在病症,需要及时去医院做检查。
其中有很多原因可以导致肌肉抽筋。在长时间的反复剧烈运动下,反复运动时使用的肌肉超负荷的折磨,再加上过度出汗,导致肌肉的盐量缺陷。在小腿抽筋的情况下,可以在地上坐平,双手伸直触摸脚趾,用手紧紧地抓牢发作的腿的大脚趾,向上反掰,并且保持小腿紧贴地面伸直,稍许便恢复正常。如果感觉在地上坐平后,肌肉更加疼痛,应停止这套缓解方法,改坐在椅凳上休息。如果即使已停止了运动,然而肌肉感觉却愈来愈疼痛,可在小腿受伤处覆盖上热水透湿了的毛巾。
在冷水中游泳也常常会导致肌肉抽筋,并且双腿抽筋的可能性会比双臂抽筋的可能性要大,所以一旦感觉肌肉抽筋,一定不可惊慌,试着用双臂代替双腿游向岸边。因为游泳时双腿抽筋时常会造成溺水人亡事故。
参考文献
- 《医学卫生普及全书》上海科技出版社,上海第一医学院医学卫生普及全书编委会修订小组,统一书号 141191543
症狀和醫學徵象:神经系统及肌肉骨骼系统 (R25–R29, 781.0, 781.2–9)
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神经系统 為主 |
中樞神經系統為主 |
身體移動障礙 |
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Gait abnormality |
- Scissor gait
- Cerebellar ataxia
- Festinating gait
- Marche a petit pas
- Propulsive gait
- Stomping gait
- Spastic gait
- Magnetic gait
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缺乏協調性 |
Dyskinesia: 失調
Cerebellar ataxia/Dysmetria
- Sensory ataxia
- Dyssynergia
- Dysdiadochokinesia
- Asterixis
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其他 |
Abnormal posturing: 角弓反張
Sensory processing disorder: Hemispatial neglect
- Facial weakness
- Hyperreflexia
- Pronator drift
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周邊神經為主 |
Gait abnormality |
- Steppage gait
- Antalgic gait
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肌肉為主 |
Movement disorders |
痙攣
- Fasciculation
- Fibrillation
- 颤搐
- 抽筋
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Gait abnormality |
- Myopathic gait
- Trendelenburg gait
- Pigeon gait
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其他 |
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骨骼為主 |
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关节為主 |
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癲癇發作和癲癇(G40–G41)
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基本 |
- 癲癇發作的種類
- 先兆
- Postictal 狀態
- 原發性癲癇
- 有癲癇的兒童
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治療 |
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生活的不便 |
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癲癇的類別 |
聚焦式癲癇發作 |
- 癲癇發作
- 簡單局部的癲癇發作
- 複雜的局部癲癇發作
- 傻笑式癲癇發作
- 癲癇
- 顳葉癲癇
- 額葉癲癇
- Rolandic 癲癇
- 夜發的癲癇
- Panayiotopoulos 症狀
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總體 |
- 强直-阵挛性发作
- 沒有發作
- 異音發作
- 自發性
- 良性的家庭新生兒之癲癇
- L-G綜合症
- Doose綜合症
- 韋斯特綜合症
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癲癇重積狀態 |
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肌陣攣性癲癇 |
漸進的肌陣攣性癲癇
- 牙垢 - 蒼白球炎萎縮
- U-L疾病
- 肌抽躍癲癇合併紅色襤褸肌纖維症
- 拉菲羅病
- 未成年之肌陣攣性癲癇
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假性癲癇 |
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相關疾病 |
- 突發的癲癇致死
- 托德的麻痺症
- 蘭多克萊夫納綜合徵
- 對物的癲癇
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癲癇支持性團體組織 |
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