八议

Multi tool use
Multi tool use




八议是中国古代的官员或贵族享受的一种法律特权。[1][2]


八议最初源于西周时期的八辟，自魏明帝制定新律时，首次将其写入法典之后，一直是后代法典中一项基本的重要制度，历经一千六百多年相沿不改。


八议者除犯十恶以外的死刑，司法机关不能直接审理，必须先将其犯罪事实及应享受特权的理由奏请皇帝，由皇帝交群臣集议后，最后由皇帝作出裁决，一般可免除死罪。若犯流刑以下的罪，则可直接减一等处罚。但是犯十恶者不适用八议的规定。[1][2]



内容



  • 议亲：皇帝的亲属

  • 议故：皇帝的故旧

  • 议贤：德行高尚，其言论行动可作为法则者

  • 议能：能整顿军旅，治理内政，为皇帝出谋划策，师范人伦者

  • 议功：对朝廷尽忠效力，建立大功勋的人

  • 议贵：三品以上高级官员及有一品爵位的人

  • 议勤：高级文武官员中恪尽职守，专心致志办理公务的人

  • 议宾：前朝国君的后裔



參考文獻





  1. ^ 1.01.1 瞿同祖，《中國法律與中國社會》，頁195、275-283


  2. ^ 2.02.1 戴炎輝，《中國法制史》，1971年，三版，三民書局，頁107-108、111-112









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