英國君主政體












英國君主政體（the monarchy of the United Kingdom）是指英國、英國皇家屬地和英國海外屬地的君主立憲政體。君主是英國國王（男性在位時）或英國女王（女性在位時）。現任英國君主是伊麗莎白二世，繼位於1952年。英國君主政體的歷史開始於10世紀。英國女王也是英聯邦內其他15個國家的國家元首。


英國君主制起源於中世紀早期的盎格魯-薩克遜英格蘭和蘇格蘭。在10世紀時發展為英格蘭王國和蘇格蘭王國。1066年，最後一位盎格魯-薩克遜君主哈羅德·戈德溫森在諾曼征服英格蘭時被殺，此後英國君主是征服者威廉及其後代。1080年代之後，威爾斯南部的部分地區開始被英格蘭控制。13世紀時，威爾斯已完全被併入英格蘭。大憲章頒布之後，英國君主的權力開始受限。1603年，蘇格蘭君主詹姆士六世以詹姆士一世的名義繼承英國王位，英格蘭和蘇格蘭都由同一位君主統治。1707年，英格蘭和蘇格蘭合併成為大不列顛王國。1801年，愛爾蘭王國也加入，成立了大不列顛和愛爾蘭聯合王國。







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