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Varese
Comune
Città di Varese
The Piazza del Podestà
Coat of arms
Location of Varese
Varese Location of Varese in Italy Show map of Italy Varese Varese (Lombardy) Show map of Lombardy
Coordinates: 45°49′N 08°50′E / 45.817°N 8.833°E / 45.817; 8.833Coordinates: 45°49′N 08°50′E / 45.817°N 8.833°E / 45.817; 8.833
Country	Italy
Region	Lombardy
Province	Varese (VA)
Frazioni	Avigno, Belforte, Biumo Inferiore, Biumo Superiore, Bizzozero, Bobbiate, Bosto, Bregazzana, Bustecche, Calcinate degli Orrigoni, Calcinate del Pesce, Campo dei Fiori, Capolago, Cartabbia, Casa Bassa, Casbeno, Cascina Gualtino, Cascina Mentasti, Caverzasio, Fogliaro, Gaggio, Giubiano, Lissago, Masnago, Mirasole, Mustonate, Oronco, Prima Cappella, Rasa di Varese, San Fermo, Sangallo, Santa Maria del Monte, Sant'Ambrogio, Schiranna, Ungheria, Velate
Government
• Mayor	Davide Galimberti (PD)
Area
• Total	54 km2 (21 sq mi)
Elevation	382 m (1,253 ft)
Population (28 February 2017)
• Total	80,588
• Density	1,500/km2 (3,900/sq mi)
Demonym(s)	Varesini
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code	21100
Dialing code	0332
Patron saint	San Vittore
Saint day	8 May
Website	Official website

Varese (Italian: [vaˈreːze] (listen) or [vaˈreːse], Latin Baretium, archaic German: Väris, Varés in Varesino) is a city and comune in north-western Lombardy, northern Italy, 55 kilometres (34 mi) north of Milan.

It is the capital of the Province of Varese. The hinterland or urban part of the city is called Varesotto.

Geography

The city of Varese lies at the feet of Sacro Monte di Varese, part of the Campo dei Fiori mountain range, that hosts an astronomical observatory, as well as the Prealpino Geophysical Centre. The village which is in the middle of the mountain is called Santa Maria del Monte because of the medieval sanctuary, which is reached through the avenue of the chapels of the Sacred Mountain.
Varese is situated on seven hills: the San Pedrino Hill, the Giubiano Hill, the Campigli Hill, the Sant'Albino Hill, the Biumo Superiore Hill, Colle di Montalbano (Villa Mirabello) and the Hill of Miogni.
The city also looks over Lake Varese.

Climate

Varese's winters are less mitigated by the proximity of the Lago Maggiore and of the minor lakes surrounding it. Low temperatures in the late autumn and winter frequently go down a few degrees below zero (Celsius). This differentiates it from areas south of the city. As in other cities in the foothills of Lombardy, fog is an infrequent phenomenon. Varese is on average cooler than other cities of the Lombard Prealps, especially in winter. The rainfall of Varese is among the highest in Italy, with more than 1,500 millimetres (59 in) of annual average. In winter, snow falls quite frequently, especially in January (about 50 centimetres (20 in) per year).

Demographics

Varese city, like the province, has a very high immigrant population owing to both its economy (many multi-national companies and the nearby EU institution JRC) and its location (proximity to Milan makes it an ideal place for the latter city's workers).

History

In 1859, Giuseppe Garibaldi confronted Austrian forces led by Field Marshal-Lieutenant Carl Baron Urban near Varese. Also, it was here where Alessandro Marchetti's Savoia-Marchetti SM.93 made his first test flights.

Transport

The road and rail infrastructure network that makes up the connection system of the city of Varese is powered by a lot of little streets and a double rail network and by 74,000 of high mobility. In particular, the major movements are incoming into Varese. In the average weekday over 113,000 vehicles enter Varese.^[1]

The most used form of transportation in Varese is the private vehicle, followed by the local public transport.
The A8 motorway connects Varese with Milan. This motorway is part of the first toll road system in the world. The city has also a Ring Road System: Varese's Ring Road consists of three roads currently in operation and one more under construction (North Ring Road). The currently operating roads of Varese's Ring Road System are: the East Ring Road, a double lane road managed by ANAS; South Ring Road, a double lane highway managed by Autostrada Pedemontana Lombarda; North East Ring Road, a single lane road managed by ANAS.

Many important national and provincial roads pass through Varese.

The entire rail network serving the capital is electrified.
The city is served by three railway stations:

- Varese FS, managed by Centostazioni and RFI SpA, Ferrovie Dello Stato Group: it is the first/last station of Suburban Line S5 of Milan Varese-Treviglio via Milan (operated by ATM-Trenord), and run high-frequency train to Milan and Porto Ceresio, toward Switzerland (operated by Trenord). In addition, Varese FS provides direct trains to Malpensa Airport, Como, Mendrisio and Lugano (Switzerland).
- Varese Nord (in the city centre) and Varese Casbeno (in the neighborhood of Casbeno), managed by FerrovieNord on Milan Cadorna-Saronno-Varese-Laveno line: train service is operated by Trenord;

The city has both an extensive city bus network (12 lines + 3 lines in the urban area) operated by Autolinee Varesine, and suburban bus services.
International bus services are operated by Swiss Post Bus of the line 523 that link Varese to Lugano and Mendrisio.

In Varese there is also a funicular service on the Vellone-Sacro Monte funicular.

Main sights

The city is home to the Sacro Monte di Varese ('the sacred mountain of Varese'), a place of pilgrimage and worship. It is one of the Sacri Monti of Piedmont and Lombardy, included on the UNESCO World Heritage list.

Civic buildings

The Palazzo Estense, now used as the town hall of Varese

Varese is rich in castles, many once pertaining to the Borromeo family. The historic center of the city includes the Praetorian Palace and Villa Cagna, a residential complex that also hosts the Civic Music School of Varese.

After the 19th century, it was enriched by villas and their surrounding gardens, many now open to visitors, including:

• 
  Villa Recalcati in Casbeno was built in the early 18th century, enlarged during 1756–77, and was once a luxury hotel. It now houses the offices of the Province of Varese and the Prefecture.


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  Villa Mylius, near the town centre, was once owned by the Jesuit order, and in 1773 the house and park were sold to the notable Francesco Torelli, who transformed a modest building into a large villa, then sold in 1902 to the industrialist George Mylius. After his death, the property was divided among several heirs, who in 1946 jointly sold it to the varesino Achille Cattaneo, and he donated to the town of Varese in 2007.


• Villa Toeplitz, in the locality Sant'Ambrogio stands, with a large public park. The complex is named after Giuseppe Toeplitz (1866-1938), Polish-born banker who bought it in 1914. Already modest country residence of the German family Hannesen, was enlarged by Toeplitz after World War II when his wife Hedwig Mrozowska and his son Louis sold it to brothers Mocchetti of Legnano. The complex with the elegant Italian park passed to the Municipality of Varese in 1972.


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  it:Ville Ponti were built between 1850 and 1870 by Milanese architect Giuseppe Balzaretto (1801-1874) for Andrea Ponti. In 1976, it was converted into a convention center. The main building, surrounded by a public park, is decorated internally by Giuseppe Bertini (1825-1898). Part of the complex, Villa Fabio Ponti is a neoclassical-style villa housed in 1959 headquarters for Garibaldi.


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  Villa Menafoglio Litta Panza in locations Biumo Superiore, opposite the entrance of Ville Ponti, was commissioned in the mid-18th century by the Marquis Paolo Antonio Menafoglio, and is an example of a vacation home in Varese. The villa with the garden was partly transformed during the Napoleonic period (neoclassical hall), when the garden was converted into an English-style garden. Recognized since 1996 as well protected by the FAI, the building currently hosts the contemporary art collection of the family Panza.


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  Villa Augusta, in Giubiano neighborhood, was built in the second half of the 19th century. Already owned by Testoni, passed to the Hospital of Circolo di Varese and then, 30 September 1952, was ceded to the Roman Catholic order of the Sisters of Helpers of Holy Souls who pray for souls in Purgatory. Since 1968, the villa was purchased by the city and houses municipal offices. The park is open to the public from 5 April 1970.


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  Villa Baragiola, in Masnago, has a well-visited park. On the north side, in the shadow of Mount Campo dei Fiori, in 1895 the lawyer Andrea Baragiola opened one of the first Italian racecourses, which extended to the area now occupied by the stadium "Franco Ossola" and its ample parking. The villa was renovated in the early thirties, and in the next decade refurbished as a religious seminary. Passed to the Municipality of Varese in 2001, today is a part of its offices, while the park is open to the public.


• Masnago Castle

In the city centre, there is the Palazzo Estense with its gardens (built in the 17th century) and Villa Mirabello.

• Some examples of Varese villas


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Natural areas

In addition to numerous public parks of the city, often appurtenances of historic villas, there is the Park Luigi Zanzi in Schiranna, established in the sixties through a partial filling of the coast of Lake Varese. It is a large botanical garden located on the banks of Lake Varese, rich in numerous species of trees and birdlife that is partially sheltered in the reeds along the banks. Bathing beach in the summer, the park also offers the possibility of peaceful walks and cycling on the bike path.

Close to the city of Varese rises instead the Regional Park Campo dei Fiori, a natural reserve of over five thousand acres consists of the massive mountain Campo dei Fiori and Mount Martica, separate from that valley Rasa which is the junction of Valcuvia and Olona valley. Once the peak of the Campo dei Fiori was characterized by extensive grassland, why was historical destination of tourism of Varese and of Milan. Today is the spectacular blooms - which gave the name to the area - to be one of its main attractions. It is a very diverse place showing aspects of extreme interest, related both to the natural environment, both in history and culture, referring to a past full of events and traditions. There are small farming villages, monuments of rare beauty, cave systems and articulated a well-maintained network of trails: some passable, as well as on foot, on horseback and bicycle. Inside the park are established six nature reserves enclosing environments most important and characteristic.

Economy

The economy of Varese is mainly based on industry and, to a lesser extent, specialized agriculture; some famous Varese-based firms are:

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  Aermacchi (military trainer aircraft)


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  AgustaWestland (helicopters)


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  Bticino (electrics)


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  Cagiva, MV Agusta (motorbikes)


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  Cobra Automotive Technologies (automotive)


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  Ficep (Machine Tools for steel construction)


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  Ignis (now part of Whirlpool) (electronics)


• Vibram


• Prealpi (cheese)


• Mazzuchelli (plastics)


• Di Varese (Shoes)

and many more as it is one of the most industrialised areas in Northern Italy.

Varese is close to the Malpensa International Airport, which serves the international traffic of Milan, Italy.

Education

Varese is home to a European School, the European School, Varese, which was established in 1960 for the children of European Union staff, who work mainly at one of the three institutes of the Joint Research Centre in nearby Ispra.

It is one of the two sites of the University of Insubria, hosting in the newly-built Campus Bizzozero faculties of Medicine, Economics, Natural Sciences etc.

People

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  Ottavio Missoni designer and founder of the Italian fashion house Missoni which is also based in Varese. Missoni is known for its wide use of colour, and a variety of patterns. It is also very well known for its knit wear. Missoni has a home, sport and diffusion line M Missoni as well as a collaboration with San Pellegrino.


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  Pietro Antonio Magatti (1691–1767), a painter active in Lombardy in a late-Baroque (barocchetto) style.


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  Andrea Ponti (1752-1819, industrialist who started the first textile plant in Italy.


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  Enrico Dandolo (1827–1849), a figure of the Italian Risorgimento who participated in several of its most important battles and participated in the formation of the Roman Republic.


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  Emilio Dandolo (1830–1859), brother of Enrico, who also participated in several of the most important battles of the Risorgimento, including the Five Days of Milan uprising.


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  Emilio Morosini (1830–1849), participant in the Risorgimento.


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  Andrea Ponti (1821-1888), an Italian industrialist who co-owned a textile plant in Varese (Antonio & Andrea Ponti), and commissioned Villa Ponti.


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  Giulio Bizzozero (1846-1901), one of the pioneers of histography, and, more generally, the use of the microscope in medical research.


• Ettore Ponti (1855-1919), an Italian politician and liberal senator in the twenty-first Legislature of the Kingdom of Italy, 1st Marquis Ponti, Mayor of Milan from 1905-1909.


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  Francesco Tamagno (1850–1905), an operatic tenor and the creator of the role of Verdi's Otello, who lived at Varese and died at his villa there, aged 54.


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  Calogero Marrone (1889-1945), Righteous Among the Nations
  


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  Flaminio Bertoni (1903–1964), a sculptor and industrial designer known especially for his work at Citroën where he designed the 2CV, the H van, the DS and the Ami 6.


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  Franco Ossola (1921–1949), a member of the Torino F.C. squad who died in the Superga air disaster; Stadio Franco Ossola, the stadium of A.S. Varese 1910, is named in his honour.


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  Giuseppe Zamberletti (born 1933), Italian politician recognised as the founding father of the modern Italian Department of Civil Protection.


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  Attilio Nicora (born 1937), cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and Emeritus Bishop of Verona.


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  Renato Pozzetto (born 1940), actor, director and cabaret artist and one of the best loved figures of Italian comedy in recent years.


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  Carlo Maria Viganò (born 1941), Archbishop and Apostolic Nuncio to the United States, 2011 to 2016


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  Umberto Bossi (born 1941), politician; leader of the Lega Lombarda, and of the Lega Nord; Minister for Institutional Reforms and Devolution and Minister of Federal Reforms.


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  Mario Monti (born 1943), economist and politician


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  Aldo Ossola (born 1945), a basketball player


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  Flavio Premoli (born 1949), musician and composer


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  Stefano Marzano (born 1950), industrial designer, Chief Design Officer of Electrolux.


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  Dino Meneghin (born 1950), professional basketball player for Ignis Varese
  


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  Roberto Maroni (born 1955), Italian politician of Lega Nord
  


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  Lilli Carati (1956–2014), model and pornographic actress.


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  Catherine Nardiello (born 1958), Italian-American pianist, lived in Varese in the late 1980s


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  Francesco Vescovi known as "Cecco" (born 1964), a former basketball player who grew up in Varese.


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  Andrea Meneghin (born 1974), basketball player and coach with Pallacanestro Varese
  


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  Lorenzo Patelli (born 1977), accounting professor at the University of Denver
  


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  Gennaro Gattuso (born 1978), professional football player


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  Laura Macchi (born 1979), basketball player whose career began at Pallacanestro Varese.


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  Angelo Frattini (1910–75), sculptor


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  Laura Bono (born 1979), singer and songwriter


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  Lia Quartapelle (born 1982), politician


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  Roberto Plano (born 1978), pianist


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  Roberto Gervasini (born 1947) athletic champion runner

Cycling

Varese was home of several cyclists, including:^[2]

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  Alfredo Binda (1902–1986), a cyclist of the 1920s and 1930s, later trainer of Fausto Coppi and Gino Bartali.


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  Paride Grillo (born 1982), cyclist with CSF Group-Navigare.


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  Cameron Wurf (born 1983) ex Australian Olympic rower and now professional cyclist for Cannondale Liquigas


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  Ivan Basso (born 1977), professional cyclist and winner of the 2006 and 2010 Giro d'Italia.


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  Fabrizio Macchi known as "Cuky" (born 1970), an amputee cyclist and bronze medal winner at the 2004 Summer Paralympics.


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  Daniele Nardello (born 1972), a professional road racing cyclist who rides for Serramenti PVC Diquigiovanni-Androni Giocattoli.


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  Stefano Garzelli (born 1973), cyclist; overall winner of the 2000 Giro d'Italia.


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  Stefano Zanini (born 1969), cyclist


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  Gianni Bugno (born 1964), cyclist


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  Claudio Chiappucci (born 1963), cyclist


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  Davide Frattini (born 1978), cyclist


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  Francesco Frattini (born 1967), cyclist


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  Michael Rogers (born 1979), Australian cyclist


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  Gabriele Colombo (born 1972) cyclist


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  Andrea Peron (born 1971), cyclist


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  Óscar Freire (born 1976), Spanish cyclist


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  Charly Wegelius (born 1978), British cyclist

Music festivals

• Open Jazz Varese [1]
  


• Ghost Day Festival

Sport

Varese is known for the Pallacanestro Varese which played, in the 1970s, 10 European Champions Cup finals in a row and won 5 of them.

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  A.S. Varese 1910 (football)


• A.S. Mastini Varese Hockey


• Pro Tennis Team Varese


• 2008 UCI Road World Championships


• 1951 UCI Road World Championships

International relations

Varese is twinned with:

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  Romans-sur-Isère, France


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  Alba Iulia, Romania


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  Tongling, Anhui, China

References

External links

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Varese.

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  Varese travel guide from Wikivoyage


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  Tourist information, Agenzia del Turismo Varese


• arci Varese, association for the promotion of social, Territorial Delegation