夜翼龍科
Multi tool use
夜翼龍科
化石時期： 白堊紀晚期
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夜翼龍
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科學分類
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界：
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動物界 Animalia
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門：
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脊索動物門 Chordata
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綱：
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蜥形綱 Sauropsida
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目：
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翼龍目 Pterosauria
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亞目：
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翼手龍亞目 Pterodactyloidea
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總科：
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鳥掌翼龍超科 Ornithocheiroidea
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科：
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夜翼龍科 Nyctosauridae
Nicholson & Lydekker, 1889
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屬
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穆氏翼龍 Muzquizopteryx
夜翼龍 Nyctosaurus
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夜翼龍科（Nyctosauridae）是翼龍目鳥掌翼龍超科的一科，生存於白堊紀晚期的北美洲，可能還有白堊紀早期的歐洲。在1889年，Henry Alleyne Nicholson、理查德·萊德克（Richard Lydekker）建立夜翼龍科，以包含夜翼龍屬[1]
夜翼龍科的最明顯特徵，是牠們的手指比較少。大部分翼龍類的手掌有四根手指，第四根手指支撐翼面，其他三指較小、具有指爪，可以在地面行走時支撐前肢、或者是協助攀爬。夜翼龍科的手指較少，顯示牠們的一生有大部分時間多在飛行，很少在地面上行走。另外，肱骨擁有明顯的三角嵴（Deltopectoral crest），是前肢肌肉的附著處，顯示牠們具有非常健壯的前肢肌肉。
在過去，夜翼龍科的物種常被歸類於無齒翼龍科。某些研究人員，例如克里斯多福·班尼特（Christopher Bennett）、亞歷山大·克爾納（Alexander Kellner），都認為夜翼龍科、無齒翼龍科是兩個不同演化支[2]。在2006年，大衛·安文（David Unwin）提出夜翼龍、無齒翼龍有接近親緣關係，因此建立無齒翼龍類（Pteranodontia）以包含這兩個屬。在2006年，墨西哥發現夜翼龍科的第二個屬，穆氏翼龍[3]。
夜翼龍科的大部分化石，發現於美國西部、墨西哥，生存年代為白堊紀晚期。夜翼龍的化石發現於堪薩斯州的尼歐伯若拉組（Niobrara Formation）地層，地質年代相當於8500萬到8450萬年前。穆氏翼龍的化石發現於墨西哥科阿韋拉州，地質年代約8580萬年前，屬於較早的土侖階到康尼亞克階[4]。但在2010年，歐洲羅馬尼亞發現一個部分肱骨，具有類似夜翼龍科的明顯三角嵴，地質年代約1億4000萬年前，屬於白堊紀早期的貝里亞階晚期[5]。
許多翼龍類化石層被歸類於夜翼龍科，但沒有得到太多究的支持，例如發現於墨西哥馬斯垂克階的一個肱骨，可能屬於夜翼龍科[6]。
參考資料
^ Nicholson, H.A. and Lydekker, R. (1889). A manual of palaeontology for the use of students: with a general introduction on the principles of palæontology, Volume II. Blackwood, 1889.
^ Bennett, S. C. (1994). "Taxonomy and systematics of the Late Cretaceous pterosaur Pteranodon (Pterosauria, Pterodactyloidea)", Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence, 169: 1-70
^ Frey, E., Buchy, M.-C., Stinnesbeck, W., González, A. G. & di Stefano, A. (2006). "Muzquizopteryx coahuilensis n.g., n. sp., a nyctosaurid pterosaur with soft tissue preservation from the Coniacian (Late Cretaceous) of northeast Mexico (Coahuila)." Oryctos, 6: 19-39.
^ Schmidt, H., Buchy, M.-C., Vega, F.J., Smith, K.T., Ifrim, C., Frey, E., Keller, G., Rindfleisch, A., González, A.H.G., Lionel Cavin, L. and Stinnesbeck, W. (2006). "A new lithographic limestone deposit in the Upper Cretaceous Austin Group at El Rosario, county of Múzquiz, Coahuila, northeastern Mexico." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas, 22(3): 401-418.
^ Dyke, G., Benton, M., Posmosanu, E. and Naish, D. (2010). "Early Cretaceous (Berriasian) birds and pterosaurs from the Cornet bauxite mine, Romania." Palaeontology, published online before print 15 September 2010. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00997.x
^ Price, L. I. 1953. A presença de Pterosáuria no Cretáceo superior do Estada da Paraiba. Divisão de Geologia e Mineralogia Notas Preliminares e Estudos, 71, 1-10.
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