天使飛彈

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天使飛彈(Gabriel missile,另有直接以單字意義稱呼加百列飛彈、迦伯列导弹[1])為以色列開發的反艦飛彈。
開發
以色列航太於1962年起進行反艦飛彈研發,此時稱為LUZ計劃;但是因為引導系統的研發不順因此計畫持續拖延,直到1967年的第三次中東戰爭(6日戰爭)艾勒特號驅逐艦被埃及海軍黃蜂級飛彈快艇發射的冥河飛彈擊沉後研發計劃開始投入大量資源,並且將研發代號改名為天使計劃(Gabriel Plan)。
原型飛彈於1968年完成,經過各項測試於1970年8月5日正式服役於以色列海軍,此款稱為天使一型的反艦飛彈在1973年的贖罪日戰爭配合電子干擾成功創下了19:0的佳績,在戰爭中打響名號的天使飛彈獲得多國採用,南非與中華民國在引進後自行生產了仿製的天使飛彈。
在美國、法國、中華人民共和國等國家反艦飛彈逐漸普及化、並釋放技術與成品給世界各國後,許多國家都有生產反艦飛彈的技術,因此天使飛彈只有一型與二型成功外銷;後期版本只有以色列國防軍使用。
衍生型
- 天使二型:天使一型的改良版,更換了部份電子設備並加大彈頭以及改良火箭藥柱,在彈體只增加了1公分的狀況下整體重量大幅增加90公斤,並將射程提高至36公里。
- 天使三型:天使飛彈的第二種改型,1978年推出。除了艦載板外,新增空射型( Gabriel A/S );天使三型起搜索設備更換成主動雷達尋標器以執行射後不理攻擊模式,在射後不理模式下天使飛彈會接受發射機引導依循固定飛行高度進入可能目標範圍,後開啟雷達進行搜索攻擊目標。因此空射版本射程進一步提昇至60公里,艦射版本為了掠海飛行因此射程仍然維持36公里的範圍。
- 天使四型:沿用天使飛彈的編號,外觀已經幾乎脫離之前型號的範疇,大幅延長彈體並換裝渦輪噴射發動機使射程提升至200公里,除了以往使用的高爆彈頭以外,另外也能安裝南非提供的150公斤集束炸彈彈頭(內裝35個子彈頭)。
- 天使五型:自2007年開發的新型號,研發代號稱為先進海軍攻擊飛彈(Advanced Naval Attack Missile),以色列航太表示該型飛彈將裝有更先進的多光譜尋標器,以適應近海電磁波混雜的背景問題。[2][3]
參見
參考資料
^ 以色列的新导弹“迦伯列MK3”--《飞航导弹》1979年Z1期
^ IAI: Advanced Naval Attack Missile
^ Defense Update - IAI Unveils Gabriel 5. [2015-07-24]. (原始内容存档于2015-07-24).
- Skerpioen(Scorpion/Gabriel II)Ship-to-Ship Missile
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