瑷珲




瑷珲（满语：ᠠᡳ᠌ᡥᡡᠨ
ᡥᠣᡨᠣᠨ，穆麟德：aihūn hoton，太清：aihvn hoton）是中国东北的黑龙江省黑河市的旧地名，所指是清代的军事重镇——瑷珲新城，汉语亦称“黑龙江城”，在今黑龙江省黑河市瑷珲区瑷珲镇。因清俄《瑷珲条约》在此地签订而广为人知。清代时瑷珲为久切尔人聚居地，瑷珲一名为达斡尔语的汉语音译，本意为“可畏”。



历史


瑷珲城是15世纪建立的一个中国东北的城镇。瑷珲在清代是黑河副都统府驻地，设有黑龙江城水师营。1858年5月28日，俄罗斯帝国和清政府在这个城镇签订了《瑷珲条约》。1900年俄军大举入侵满洲，不久瑷珲城陷落，被俄军焚毁，原城址只余一颗松树，名为“见证松”。


民国时，设置为瑷珲县。瑷珲县驻地改为距古瑷珲以北三十多公里的黑河镇，即为现在的黑河市爱辉区的前身。1956年，在中华人民共和国的简化汉字运动中，“瑷珲县”被视为生僻字地名，改称爱辉县。60年后，2015年5月，为保存历史记忆，爱辉区下辖的爱辉镇名称又被恢复为“瑷珲”。[1]。



注释





  1. ^ http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2015-05/18/c_127813763.htm









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