非对映异构


















Diastereomers that are also epimers

D-threose.svg
D-erythrose.svg

DThreose Fischer.svg
DErythrose Fischer.svg

D-蘇糖
D-赤蘚糖

非对映异构（英文：Diastereomerism）是指属于立体异构但不属于对映异构的所有同分异构现象，[1]所涉及的异构体称为非对映异构体，简称非对映体。它们包括顺反异构体、构象异构体、内消旋化合物和具有非对映关系的光学异构体。狭义地讲，非对映异构体仅包含具有一个或多个手性中心但不互为镜像关系的化合物。[2]


通常情况下，这些化合物不仅旋光性质不相同，而且很多物理性质和化学性质也不相同。这也是不对称合成中拆分对映异构体时所使用的原理。生成的非对映异构体可通过色谱或重结晶分离。


非对映异构体以赤式（erythro）和苏式（threo）标记。赤式异构体是两个相同取代基在费歇尔投影式中处于同侧的异构体，苏式则相反。




目录






  • 1 Erythro / threo


  • 2 範例


  • 3 参见


  • 4 参考资料





Erythro / threo








L-Threonin - L-Threonine.svg D-Threonine.svg


L-Threonine (2S,3R) and D-Threonine (2R,3S)


L-allo-Threonine.svg D-allo-Threonine.svg


L-allo-Threonine (2S,3S) and D-allo-Threonine (2R,3R)


範例


















L-tartaric acid.png
D-tartaric acid.png
Meso-Weinsäure Spiegel.svg

(natural) tartaric acid
L-(+)-tartaric acid
dextrotartaric acid

D-(−)-tartaric acid
levotartaric acid

mesotartaric acid

(1:1)
DL-tartaric acid
"racemic acid"


参见



  • 非对映选择性

  • 非对映体过量百分数

  • 差向异构体



参考资料





  1. ^ IUPAC金色书对“非对映异构”的定义[1]（英文），于2008年9月18日查阅。


  2. ^ Garrett, Grisham "Biochemistry" 2nd ed., 1999, p. 213



























  • 查

  • 论

  • 编


不对称合成

命名

手性 · 立体中心 · 立体异构 · 对映异构体 · 非对映异构体 · 内消旋化合物 · 平面手性 · 手性配体 · 轴手性
分析

旋光性 · 对映体过量百分数 · 非对映体过量 · 手性拆分试剂
拆分

结晶 · 动力学拆分 · 手性色谱法
反应

手性诱导 · 手性库合成 · 手性辅助剂 · 不对称催化还原反应 · 不对称催化氧化反应 · 有机催化 · 生物催化








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