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海菊蛤屬 Spondylus 化石時期： Mesozoic–Present PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
海菊蛤（S. regius）的外殼
科學分類
界： 動物界 Animalia 門： 軟體動物門 Mollusca 綱： 雙殼綱 Bivalvia 目： 海扇蛤目 Pectinoida 亞目： 海扇蛤亞目 Pectinina 總科： 海扇蛤總科 Pectinoidea 科： 海菊蛤科 Spondylidae Gray, 1826 屬： 海菊蛤屬 Spondylus Linnaeus, 1758
屬
見內文

海菊蛤，又稱海菊貝、紅螺、車蠔，是海扇蛤目的其中一科（海菊蛤科；Spondylidae），以及此科下唯一的屬（海菊蛤屬；Spondylus）。海菊蛤的外觀與牡蠣科相似，但其外殼帶有紅色。其殼內之肉可供食用，中國的西沙海域盛產的紅螺，特別鮮味^[1]。
海菊蛤物種的型態及分佈範圍差異頗大，但牠們其實與扇貝屬於同一個總科。與牡蠣科物種黏合在岩石上不同，海菊蛤都以足絲來固定。

物種

Pacific thorny oyster, S. crassisquama Lamark, 1819, from the Sea of Cortez, Mexico

The interior of two fossil valves of Spondylus from the Pliocene of Cyprus

於夏威夷採集的貓舌海菊蛤（Spondylus linguaefelis Sowerby, 1847

• 
  S. americanus Hermann, 1781 — Atlantic thorny oyster


• 
  S. anacanthus Mawe, 1823 — nude thorny oyster


• 
  S. barbatus Reeve（英语：Lovell Augustus Reeve）, 1856
  


• 
  S. butleri Reeve, 1856
  


• 
  S. calcifer Carpenter, 1857
  


• 
  S. clarksoni Limpus, 1992
  


• 
  S. crassisquama Lamarck, 1819 (S. princeps Broderip, 1833) — Pacific thorny oyster


• 
  血色海菊蛤 S. cruentus Lischke, 1868
  


• 
  S. cumingii Sowerby, 1847
  


• 
  S. dutempleanus Linnaeus, 1758
  


• 
  S. echinatus Schreibers, 1793
  


• 
  S. erectospinus Habe,1973
  


• 
  S. erinaceus Reeve, 1856
  


• 
  异棘海菊蛤 S. gaederopus Linnaeus, 1758 — European thorny oyster


• 
  S. gilvus Reeve, 1856
  


• 
  S. groschi Lamprell & Kilburn, 1995
  


• 
  S. gussoni (O. G Costa, 1829)
  


• 
  S. hawaiiensis Dall, Bartsch and Rehder, 1938
  


• 
  S. hystrix Röding, 1798
  


• 
  S. ictericus Reeve, 1856
  


• 
  S. imbutus Reeve, 1856
  


• 
  S. imperialis Chenu, 1843
  


• 
  S. japonicus Kur — Japanese spiny oyster


• 
  S. lamarcki Chenu, 1845
  


• 
  S. layardi Reeve, 1856
  


• 
  貓舌海菊蛤 S. linguaefelis
  

Sowerby, 1847^[2]

• 
  S. longitudinalis Lamarck, 1819
  


• 
  S. marisrubri Röding, 1798
  


• 
  S. microlepos Lamarck, 1819
  


• 
  S. multimuricatus Reeve, 1856
  


• 
  S. multisetosus Reeve, 1856
  


• 
  S. nicobaricus Schreibers, 1793
  


• 
  S. occidens Sowerby, 1903
  


• 
  S. plurispinosus Reeve, 1856
  


• 
  S. powelli Smith, 1892
  


• 
  S. pratii Parth, 1990
  


• 
  猩猩海菊蛤 S. regius Linnaeus, 1758 — regal thorny oyster


• 
  S. sanguineus Dunker, 1852
  


• 
  S. senegalensis Schreibers, 1793
  


• 
  S. setiger Reeve, 1846
  


• 
  S. sinensis Schreibers, 1793
  


• 
  S. smythaea Lamprell, 1998
  


• 
  S. somalicus M. Parth & R. Philippe, 1992
  


• 
  S. squamosus Schreibers, 1793
  


• 
  S. tenellus Reeve, 1856
  


• 
  藍巨海菊蛤 S. varius Sowerby,1829
  


• 
  S. variegatus Schreibers, 1793
  


• 
  S. versicolor Schreibers, 1793
  


• 
  S. vexillum Reeve, 1856
  


• 
  S. wrightianus Crosse, 1872 — Wright's thorny oyster


• 
  S. zonalis Lamarck, 1819
  

A view of the colorful mantle edges of a live thorny oyster from East Timor: The eyes can be seen on the fringe between the mantle and the shell.

參考資料

外部連結

在塞浦路斯發現的上新世異棘海菊蛤化石。

• 
  Spondylus Session Abstracts on Spondylus research at the 13th Meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists at Zadar, Croatia, September 2007


• 
  Information about Spondylus from the website of the Gladys Archerd Shell Collection at Washington State University Tri-Cities Natural History Museum


• 
  Article on "notched" Spondylus Neolithic artifacts in Europe

參考書目

• 
  A full and constantly updated bibliography on Spondylus spp. in Aegean, Balkan, European and American contexts

史前歐洲

• F. IFANTIDIS/M. NIKOLAIDOU (eds.), 2011.Spondylus in Prehistory: New Data and Approaches. Contributions to the Archaeology of Shell Technologies (Oxford: British Archaeological Reports, Int. Ser. 2216)


• P. HALSTEAD, 1993. Spondylus shell ornaments from late Neolithic Dimini, Greece: Specialized manufacture or unequal accumulation? Antiquity 67: 603–609.


• Vl. PODBORSKÝ (Hrsg.), 2002. Dvĕpohřebištĕ Neolitického lidu s Lineární Keramikou ve Vedrovicích na Moravĕ (Brno, Masarykovy University Philosophy Faculty Dept. of Archaeology and Museology).


• J. RODDEN, 1970. The Spondylus-shell trade and the beginnings of the Vinča culture. In:Actes du VIIe Congres International des Sciences Prehistoriques et Protohistoriques: 411-413 (Praha: Akademia Nauk).


• M. L. SÉFÉRIADÈS, 2000. Spondylus gaederopus: Some observations on the earliest European long distance exchange system. In: Hiller, S. and Nikolov, V. (Hrsg.), Karanovo III: Beiträge zum Neolithikum in Südosteuropa (Wien: Phoibos Verlag) 423-437.


• M. L. SÉFÉRIADÈS, Spondylus and Long-Distance Trade in Prehistoric Europe In: Anthony, D. W. (ed.), The Lost World of Old Europe: The Danube Valley, 5000-3500 BC. (Princeton) 179-189.


• J. SHACKLETON/H. ELDERFIELD, 1993. Strontium isotope dating of the source of Neolithic European Spondylus shell artefacts. Antiquity 64: 312-315.


• N. SHACKLETON/C. RENFREW, 1970. Neolithic trade routes realigned by oxygen isotope analyses. Nature 228: 1062-5.


• H. TODOROVA, 2000. Die Spondylus-Problematik heute. In: Hiller, S. and Nikolov, V. (Hrsg.), Karanovo III: Beiträge zum Neolithikum in Südosteuropa (Wien, Phoibos Verlag) 415-422.


• Sl. VENCL, 1959. Spondylove šperky v podunajskem Neolitů, Archeologicke Rozhledy 9: 699-742.