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Nysa
Main Square
Flag Coat of arms
Nickname(s):  Śląski Rzym Silesian Rome
Nysa Show map of Opole Voivodeship Nysa Show map of Poland
Coordinates: 50°28′17″N 17°20′2″E / 50.47139°N 17.33389°E / 50.47139; 17.33389
Country	Poland
Voivodeship	Opole
County	Nysa County
Gmina	Gmina Nysa
Established	10th century
Town rights	1223
Government
• Mayor	Kordian Kolbiarz
Area
• Total	27.5 km2 (10.6 sq mi)
Elevation	195 m (640 ft)
Population (30.06.2016)
• Total	44,419
• Density	1,600/km2 (4,200/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code	48-300
Area code(s)	+48 77
Car plates	ONY
Website	http://www.nysa.pl

Nysa [ˈnɨsa] (listen) (German: Neisse or Neiße) is a town in southwestern Poland on the Eastern Neisse (Nysa Kłodzka) river, situated in the Opole Voivodeship. With 44,419 inhabitants (2016), it is the capital of Nysa County. It comprises the urban portion of the surrounding Gmina Nysa. Historically the town was part of Lower Silesia.

History

Neisse in 1561 on 1. map of Silesia by Martin Helwig (map in reverse)

Nysa in a 1493 woodcut from Nuremberg Chronicle

Nysa is one of the oldest towns in Silesia. It was probably founded in the 10th century and afterwards became the capital of a principality of its name, which around 1200 became part of the Bishopric of Wrocław as the Duchy of Nysa. The town's fortifications from 1350 served to defend against the Hussites in 1424. The town and the duchy was part of Lands of the Bohemian Crown in years 1342 - 1742. One of the prominent signs that Nysa was a significant center, is the report in Nuremberg Chronicle, published in 1493, which mentions the city among the major urban centers of Central and Eastern Europe. In the description of the town population included in this chronicle we read "plebs rustica polonici ydeomatis ...". Other evidence is Nysa coat of arms at the entrance of the Charles Bridge in Prague, which is displayed alongside the arms of the most prominent Czech cities.

During the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) it was besieged three times. The first Silesian War (1740–41, War of the Austrian Succession) ended Austrian sovereignty over Silesia and left the town in the hands of King Frederick II of Prussia, who laid the foundations of its modern fortifications. On 25 August 1769 Neisse was the site of a meeting between Frederick II and Emperor Joseph II, co-regent in the Habsburg Monarchy of Austria.

During the Napoleonic Wars, Neisse was taken by the French in 1807. It retained its mostly Catholic character within the predominantly Protestant province of Silesia in the Kingdom of Prussia. Because of its many churches from the Gothic and Baroque periods the town was nicknamed "the Silesian Rome". From 1816-1911, the town was the seat of the Neisse District, after which it became an independent city.

After World War I, Neisse became part of the new Province of Upper Silesia. Conquered by the Red Army during World War II, the town was placed under Polish administration according to the Potsdam Agreement and renamed to the Polish Nysa. The town's German population was largely evacuated or forcibly expelled and replaced with Poles, many of whom were themselves expelled or resettled from what is now Western Ukraine (see: Kresy).

Nysa's monuments

As a result of destruction during World War II, in particular the heavy fighting of the Vistula–Oder Offensive of early 1945, during which the Red Army pushed the German Army Group A out of southwest Poland, the historic aspect of the town has only partially been preserved. The most important monuments have been rebuilt. A list of the monuments of Nysa is seen on the page Nysa's monuments.

Economy

Nysa city budget income sources as of 2015.

Until recently, Nysa was a major industrial centre in the Opole Voivodeship. The town was home to metal works, machinery production, agricultural produce and construction materials. The year 2002 saw the closure of the van company ZSD. The company constructed delivery vehicles, namely the ZSD Nysa, FSO Polonez and, until recently, the Citroën C15 and Berlingo. Currently, the factory remains closed.

Recently, the Wałbrzych Special Economic Zone^[1] is located by Dubois Street (ul. Dubois) and Krapacka Street (ul. Krapacka), largely revolving around agricultural goods and produce, as well as metal works.^[2]

Sports

• 
  NKS Nysa - men's volleyball team playing in Polish Volleyball League (Polska Liga Siatkówki, PLS), 7th place in 2003/04 season.


• 
  KŻ Nysa - sailing club with seat on Nysa's lake.

People

Historical tenements

Old town

Basilica of St. Jacob and St. Agnes in Nysa

• 
  Konrad Emil Bloch (1912-2000), biochemist


• 
  Marcin Bors (b. 1978), record producer


• 
  Hans-Joachim Caesar, Reichsbank director, German bank comptroller in occupied France, 1940–44


• 
  Emanuel Oscar Menahem Deutsch (1829-1873), scholar on the Middle East


• 
  Werner Duve (1911–1945), Wehrmacht officer


• 
  Rudolf Fränkel (1901–1974), architect


• 
  Piotr Gacek (b. 1978), volleyball player


• 
  Bernhard Grzimek (1909-1987), zoologist and conservationist


• 
  Wilhelm Hasse (general) (1894–1945), Wehrmacht general


• 
  Martin Helwig (1516-1574), cartographer
  


• 
  Max Hodann (1894–1946), German physician


• 
  Carl Hoffmann (1885–1947), German cinematographer and film director


• 
  Jakub Jarosz (b. 1987), Polish volleyball player


• 
  Valentin Krautwald (1465–1545), German religious reformer


• 
  Edmund Lesser (1852–1918), German dermatologist


• 
  Maria Merkert (1817-1872), founder of the Congregation of Saint Elizabeth


• 
  Kurt von Morgen (1858–1928), Prussian explorer and officer


• 
  Hans Guido Mutke (1921-2004), fighter pilot


• 
  Emin Pasha (Eduard Schnitzer) (1840-1892), physician and Ottoman governor of Equatoria
  


• 
  Karl-Georg Saebisch (1903–1984), German actor


• 
  Solomon Schindler (1842-1915), rabbi


• 
  Willi Schülke (1918–1945), Wehrmacht officer


• 
  Franz Skutsch (1865–1912), German classical philologist and linguist


• 
  Max Ernst Wichura (1817–1866), German lawyer and botanist


• 
  Roman Wójcicki (b. 1958), footballer

Other residents

• Isidor Barndt


• Nicolaus Copernicus


• Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff


• Karl Rudolph Friedenthal


• Eduard von Grützner


• Franz Ludwig von Pfalz-Neuburg


• Christoph Scheiner


• Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben


• Wacker von Wackenfels

International relations

Twin towns — Sister cities

Nysa, Poland is twinned with:

• 
  Lüdinghausen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
  


• 
  Jeseník, Czech Republic
  


• 
  Šumperk, Czech Republic
  


• 
  Kolomyia, Ukraine
  


• 
  Ingelheim am Rhein, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
  


• 
  Baltiysk, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia
  


• 
  Taverny, France
  


• 
  Marsala, Sicily, Italy
  

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nysa.

• Archdiocese of Wrocław


• Dukes of Silesia


• Nysa's monuments

References

• "NEISSE BUCH DER ERINNERUNG", Dr. Max Warmbrunn & Alfred Jahn, Gedruckt bei Druckhaus Nürnberg GmbH, 1966

External links

• Map c1600 Neis(s)e in Silesia, Germany


• 
  Jewish Community in Nysa on Virtual Shtetl

Coordinates: 50°28′N 17°20′E / 50.467°N 17.333°E / 50.467; 17.333