蔡確
Multi tool use
蔡確（1037年－1093年），字持正，福建泉州府晉江縣人。王安石变法的中坚人物。
父蔡黃裳在陳州被陳執中貶逐。蔡確早年在泗州中山寺读书[1]，仁宗嘉祐四年（1059年）進士，调（京兆府）邠州（治所今陕西彬县）司理参军。外號“倒懸蛤蜊（殼菜）”。王安石当政时，荐为三班主簿，王安石變法中的“常平、免役皆成其手”。元丰五年（1082年），拜尚书右仆射兼中书侍郎，此時富弼在西京，上言「蔡确小人，不宜大用」。史载：“确既相，屡兴罗织之狱，缙绅士大夫重足而立矣。”
元豐八年（1085年）三月，神宗病逝，哲宗即位，转左仆射兼门下侍郎，司馬光執政，幾盡罷新法，改革派人士幾乎全招貶職。元佑二年（1087年）出知陈州、安州（今湖北安陆县）、邓州，元祐年間，蔡確在安州遊車蓋亭時，寫下《夏日遊車蓋亭》十首絕句。其政敵吳處厚向朝廷說“內五篇皆涉譏訕，而二篇譏訕尤甚，上及君親”，又指出“矯矯名臣郝甑山，忠言直節上元間”之句，是將高太后比做武則天。
高太后怒不可遏，將蔡確貶為光禄寺卿、分司南京，范祖禹认为：“蔡之罪，天下不容，尚为列卿，恐难平民愤。”最後貶至英州别驾（今广东英德市）、嶺南新州（今广东新兴县）安置，此舉開啟北宋貶官至嶺南的先例。呂大防和劉摯曾以蔡確之母年老，嶺南路遠，請改遷他處，高太后說：“山可移，此州不可移。”不久死於新州。《宋史》将其列入奸臣列传。
蔡确府宅在泉州城蔡巷(今称菜巷)[2]。
评价
蔡确为吕惠卿、章惇罢贬之后王安石变法的中坚人物。蔡确坚持"变法图治、富国强兵"具有积极的意义。 应予以肯定。
元丰五年（1082年），北宋與西夏之战争，惨败永乐城，亦是变法的失败，蔡确有很大的责任。
蔡确有才能，但重用酷吏撕裂社会。主持「陈世儒案」、「乌台诗案」，曾經拘捕吕公着、苏颂、苏轼下狱，以權術打击对手，失势后遭「車蓋亭案」报复。
參考資料
^ 《过庭录·蔡持正山寺书壁》
^ 泉州市地方志编纂委员会编. 泉州市志. 北京: 中国社会科学出版社. 2000-5: 第一章 人物传. ISBN 7-5004-2700-X. （原始内容存档于2009-09-15）.
外部链接
9TGcTS TmNUXi1P9 HV2b7Ad0Xl,Ari1JTSdvQFnk,ysDYgAx Dp,qsnBkqkQH
Popular posts from this blog
This article is about the letter of the alphabet. For other uses, see Y (disambiguation). See also: Wye (disambiguation) Y Y y (See below) Usage Writing system Latin script Type Alphabetic and Logographic Language of origin Latin language Phonetic usage [ y ] [ ɨ ] [ j ] [ iː ] [ ɪ ] [ ɘ ] [ ə ] [ ɯ ] [ ɛː ] [ j ] [ ɥ ] [ ɣ̟ ] / w aɪ / / aɪ / Unicode value U+0059, U+0079 Alphabetical position 25 History Development Υ υ 𐌖 Y y Time period 54 to present Descendants • U • V • W • Ỿ • ¥ • Ꮙ • Ꮍ • Ꭹ Sisters F Ѵ У Ў Ұ Ү ו و ܘ וּ וֹ ࠅ 𐎆 𐡅 ወ વ ૂ ુ उ Variations (See below) Other Other letters commonly used with y(x), ly, ny This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. ISO basic Latin alphabet Aa Bb Cc D...
Mount Tamalpais Mount Tamalpais, viewed from the south Highest point Elevation 2,571 ft (784 m) NAVD 88 [1] Prominence 2,456 ft (749 m) [1] Listing California county high points 55th Coordinates 37°55′45″N 122°34′40″W / 37.929088°N 122.577829°W / 37.929088; -122.577829 Coordinates: 37°55′45″N 122°34′40″W / 37.929088°N 122.577829°W / 37.929088; -122.577829 [1] Geography Mount Tamalpais Marin County, California, U.S. Show map of California Mount Tamalpais Mount Tamalpais (the US) Show map of the US Parent range California Coast Ranges Topo map USGS San Rafael Geology Mountain type Sedimentary Climbing First ascent 1830s by Jacob P. Leese (first recorded ascent) [2] Easiest route Railroad Grade fire trail Mount Tamalpais ( / t æ m əl ˈ p aɪ . ɪ s / ; TAM -əl- PY -iss ; Coast Miwok: /t̪ɑmɑlˈpɑis̺/ , known locally as Mount Tam ) is a peak in Marin County, California, United State...
FMW Women's Championship Details Promotion Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling [1] Date established November 5, 1990 [1] Date retired September 28, 1997 Other name(s) WWA World Women's Championship FMW Independent Women's Championship Statistics First champion(s) Combat Toyoda [1] Most reigns Megumi Kudo (6 reigns) [1] Longest reign Megumi Kudo (426 days) [1] Shortest reign Shark Tsuchiya (<1 day) [1] The FMW Women's Championship (or the FMW Independent Women's & WWA Women's Championship ) was two Japanese women's professional wrestling championships (WWA World Women's Championship and FMW Independent World Women's Championship) contested in the promotion Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling (FMW). During the heyday of FMW, the female wrestlers wrestled in the same types of bloody death matches as the FMW men, and were feared by other Japanese female wrestlers for their toughness and intensity. ...
