塔蘭奇




塔蘭奇（蒙古语：.mw-parser-output .font-mong{font-family:"Menk Hawang Tig","Menk Qagan Tig","Menk Garqag Tig","Menk Har_a Tig","Menk Scnin Tig","Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig","Oyun Qagan Tig","Oyun Garqag Tig","Oyun Har_a Tig","Oyun Scnin Tig","Oyun Agula Tig","Mongolian Baiti","Mongolian Universal White","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongol Usug","Mongolian White","MongolianScript","Code2000","Menksoft Qagan"}.mw-parser-output .font-mong-mnc,.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(mnc-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(dta-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(sjo-Mong){font-family:"Abkai Xanyan","Abkai Xanyan LA","Abkai Xanyan VT","Abkai Xanyan XX","Abkai Xanyan SC","Abkai Buleku","Daicing White","Mongolian Baiti","Mongolian Universal White","Noto Sans Mongolian"}
ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠨᠴᠢ，转写：Taranči[转写种类不明]；维吾尔语：تارانچى‎），或塔兰奇人、塔兰奇族、萨尔特-塔兰奇，是蒙古语音译，有译作“塔里雅沁回子”，意为耕地人，“种麦子的人”，是指来自塔里木盆地的维吾尔族，多数来自喀什，也有來源是阿克蘇、拜城、烏什、哈密,他们是十七世纪被准噶尔封建贵族迁至伊犁垦田的维吾尔人（在伊犁河以北的伊寧與以南的海弩克、以及在哈薩克南部的潘菲洛夫也有。）


他们是國家农奴，他们不能逃出伊犁，否则被嚴拿治罪，清朝平定了准噶尔，后为供应满洲人駐軍糧食与开发伊犁，保留了此制度（后来南疆来伊犁的维吾尔新移民，塔兰奇人称之为“喀什噶尔人”，以示区别）。派吐鲁番及南疆迁六千多户维吾尔族农民至伊犁屯田纳粮，叫回屯。1760年初步实行，第一批五百户、第二批500户、第三批200户。1761年再派一千户，他们多数是吐鲁番、阿克苏、乌什、库车、拜城、赛里木、沙雅尔人，到1768年满6000户不再进行移民。他们每年交16石粮食。塔兰奇人由清廷特派的吐鲁番郡王之子穆萨为首任伊犁阿奇木伯克管理(阿奇木伯克也有權把犯罪的自由維吾爾人變成塔蘭奇)，下辖各级伯克，自成系统。


他們在同治陝甘回變後同時反清，起初合作但後來反目屠杀伊犁的東干人。


他们民国时期曾经是分裂出的民族，成为新疆14个主要民族之一，后编回维吾尔。



参考


  • 《新疆民族史研究》



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