遺跡









Disambig gray.svg  本文介紹的是考古学所指的古人遺留的建築物或生活環境的遺址。關於具體遺產或遺址，請見「古蹟」。




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摩亨佐-達羅遺跡





圆明园含经堂遗址


遺跡，又稱遗址，是古代人類遺留下來的建築物遺址與生活環境的遺址，属于考古学概念。例如：古代皇宮、陵墓、萬里長城、金字塔、神社、寺廟、帕德嫩神廟等。




目录






  • 1 特點


  • 2 種類


  • 3 參見


  • 4 外部連結





特點


大多遗址的特点表现为不完整的残存物，具有一定的区域范围。很多史前遗址、远古遗址多深埋地表以下。埋藏地下的遗址的发现多与人类活动有关，如农业生产、建筑工地施工等；很多古代遗址属于探险发现。古代城市、古代建筑遗址多为残垣断壁，各种生活用品表现为不残破和不完整，但可以通过考古和人类学研究寻找人类生活轨迹。很多遗址属于战争、灾难之后的遗存。遺跡在考古學、歷史研究上扮演著重要的角色，提供研究人員了解古代人類生活的部分面貌。



種類


遗址为文物，属于文化古蹟。


按照時間，遗址可分為以下種類：



  • 人类在史前生活的遗存称为“史前遗址”；

  • 人类文明以后，历史年代久远的遗存称为“古代遗址”；

  • 历史年代不久远的遗存多属于具有特殊文化意义为纪念地。

  • 用於命名整個史前文化的遺址，被稱作命名遺址。


按照建築類別，可分為以下種類：



  • 都市遺跡

  • 宗教遺跡

  • 交通遺跡

  • 墳墓遺跡

  • 海底遺跡



參見



  • 廢墟

  • 古蹟

  • 世界遺產

  • 七大奇蹟



外部連結






維基導遊上的相關旅行指南：考古遺址

  • the Archaeological Conservation Group of Icon, the Institute of Conservation (UK Professional body)




规范控制


  • AAT: 300000810

  • NARA: 10646987


Skull template.gif  遺跡是一个與考古學相關的小作品。你可以通过編輯或修訂擴充其內容。







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