航运







Antistub.svg
 本条目需要擴充。（2007年9月26日）
请協助改善这篇條目，更進一步的信息可能會在討論頁或扩充请求中找到。请在擴充條目後將此模板移除。



貨櫃港口




在京杭大運河中之貨船


航運（Shipping）表示透過水路運輸和空中運輸等方式來運送人或貨物。一般來說水路運輸的所需時間較長，但成本較為低廉，這是空中運輸與陸路運輸所不能比擬的。水路運輸每次航程能運送大量貨物，而空運和陸運每次的負載數量則相對較少。因此在國際貿易上，水路運輸是較為普遍的運送方式。15世紀以來航運業的蓬勃發展極大的改變了人類社會與自然景觀。




目录






  • 1 種類


  • 2 船运


    • 2.1 定期船運


    • 2.2 船運條款







種類


航运工具種類分類：


  • 船運

    • 貨櫃船

    • 躉船

    • 中流作業




船运



定期船運


定期船運指船隻在固定航線上的港口之間，接受零星雜貨或貨櫃貨運，依照預先安排的船期往復航行。定期船運的優點之一是運費較為穩定。


與定期船運相對的是不定期船運。不定期船運以運送散裝乾貨或石油為主，既無固定班期，亦無固定航線，端視貨物流動之需要而決定其航程，與定期船運有所區別。



船運條款


利用水路作國際貿易，會牽涉到一些條款。



  • 船上交货（Free on Board，FOB）- 卖家負責運到港口的成本費，之後的費用由買家承擔；卖家承担货物责任至起运港，之后责任由买家承担。

  • 成本，保險加運費（Cost & Insurance & freight，CIF）：保險和運費都是由卖家支付，至目的地為止；卖家承担货物责任至目的地港。





规范控制


  • GND: 4116383-7

  • LCCN: sh85121579

  • NDL: 00564662


Ship-stub-icon.png  航运是一个與船舶相關的小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。







-

Popular posts from this blog

Y

Image
This article is about the letter of the alphabet. For other uses, see Y (disambiguation). See also: Wye (disambiguation) Y Y y (See below) Usage Writing system Latin script Type Alphabetic and Logographic Language of origin Latin language Phonetic usage [ y ] [ ɨ ] [ j ] [ iː ] [ ɪ ] [ ɘ ] [ ə ] [ ɯ ] [ ɛː ] [ j ] [ ɥ ] [ ɣ̟ ] / w aɪ / / aɪ / Unicode value U+0059, U+0079 Alphabetical position 25 History Development Υ υ 𐌖 Y y Time period 54 to present Descendants  • U  • V  • W  • Ỿ  • ¥  • Ꮙ  • Ꮍ  • Ꭹ Sisters F Ѵ У Ў Ұ Ү ו و ܘ וּ וֹ ࠅ 𐎆 𐡅 ወ વ ૂ ુ उ Variations (See below) Other Other letters commonly used with y(x), ly, ny This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. ISO basic Latin alphabet Aa Bb Cc D...
Read more

Mount Tamalpais

Image
Mount Tamalpais Mount Tamalpais, viewed from the south Highest point Elevation 2,571 ft (784 m)   NAVD 88 [1] Prominence 2,456 ft (749 m)  [1] Listing California county high points 55th Coordinates 37°55′45″N 122°34′40″W  /  37.929088°N 122.577829°W  / 37.929088; -122.577829 Coordinates: 37°55′45″N 122°34′40″W  /  37.929088°N 122.577829°W  / 37.929088; -122.577829   [1] Geography Mount Tamalpais Marin County, California, U.S. Show map of California Mount Tamalpais Mount Tamalpais (the US) Show map of the US Parent range California Coast Ranges Topo map USGS San Rafael Geology Mountain type Sedimentary Climbing First ascent 1830s by Jacob P. Leese (first recorded ascent) [2] Easiest route Railroad Grade fire trail Mount Tamalpais ( / t æ m əl ˈ p aɪ . ɪ s / ; TAM -əl- PY -iss ; Coast Miwok: /t̪ɑmɑlˈpɑis̺/ , known locally as Mount Tam ) is a peak in Marin County, California, United State...
Read more

Indian Forest Service

Image
Indian Forest Service Service Overview Preceding service Imperial Forest Service (1864 to 1935) Year of Constitution 1966 Country India Staff College Indira Gandhi National Forest Academy (IGNFA), Dehradun, Uttarakhand Cadre Controlling Authority Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change Legal personality Governmental: Government service General nature Administration of Forest and Wildlife resources Cadre strength 3131 (2182 Direct Recruits and 949 Promotion Posts) Website ifs.nic.in Service Chief Director General of Forests Siddhanth Das, IFS (1982 Batch, Odisha Cadre) [1] Head of the All India Civil Services Cabinet Secretary Pradeep Kumar Sinha, IAS Indian Forest Service (भारतीय वन सेवा) [2] is one of the three All India Services of the Government of India. The other two All India Services being the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and the Indian Police Service (IPS). [3] [4] [5] It was constituted in...
Read more