Banners of Inner Mongolia
Banner | |
|---|---|
Manchu: |  Gūsa (romanized) |
Classical Mongolian: ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠱᠤᠬᠤ | qosiγu bošuγu hôxûû bôxig (romanized) |
Chinese: | 旗 (character) qí (Pinyin romanization) |
Cyrillic Mongolian: | Хошуу (cyrillized) khoshuu (romanized) |
Mongolian script: | ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ Hôxûû or Hûxûû |
A banner (Chinese: 旗; pinyin: qí) is an administrative division of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the People's Republic of China, corresponding to the county level.
Banners were first used during the Qing Dynasty, which organized the Mongols into banners except those who belonged to the Eight Banners. Each banner had sumu as nominal subdivisions. In Inner Mongolia, several banners made up a league. In the rest, including Outer Mongolia, northern Xinjiang and Qinghai, Aimag (Аймаг) was the largest administrative division. While it restricted the Mongols from crossing banner borders, the dynasty protected Mongolia from population pressure from China proper.
There were 49 banners and 24 tribes during the Republic of China.[1]
Today, banners are a county level division in the Chinese administrative hierarchy. There are 49 banners in total.
Contents
1 Banners
2 Autonomous banner
3 Banner converted city/county
4 References
5 See also
Banners
| This article is part of a series on |
| Administrative divisions of China |
|---|
Provincial level (1st) Municipalities Provinces Autonomous regions Special administrative regions |
Sub-provincial level Sub-provincial cities Sub-provincial autonomous prefectures Sub-provincial city districts |
Prefectural level (2nd) Prefectural cities Autonomous prefectures Leagues Prefectures (abolishing) |
Sub-prefectural-level Sub-prefectural cities Provincial-controlled cities Provincial-controlled counties Provincial-controlled districts |
County level (3rd) Counties Autonomous counties County-level cities Districts Banners Shennongjia Forestry District Liuzhi Special District Wolong Special Administrative Region Workers and peasants districts (obsolete) |
Analogous county level units Management areas Management committee |
Township level (4th) Townships Ethnic townships Towns Subdistricts Sums Ethnic sums County-controlled districts Management committees Town-level city (pilot) |
Analogous township level units Management areas Management committee Areas Farms area, Prison area, University towns etc. |
Village level (5th) (Grassroots Autonomous Organizations) Villages · Gaqas Residential communities Residential Committees |
Other Regions Capital cities New areas Autonomous administrative divisions National Central Cities Special Economic Zones |
History: before 1912, 1912–49, 1949–present Administrative division codes |
The following list of 49 individual Banners is sorted alphabetically according to the banner's specific title (i.e. ignoring adjectives such as New, Old, Left, Right, and so on).
Abag Banner; League: Xilingol
Alxa Right Banner; League: Alxa
Alxa Left Banner; League: Alxa- Aohan Banner
- Ar Horqin Banner
- Arun Banner
- Bairin Left Banner
- Bairin Right Banner
- Old Barag Banner
- New Barag Left Banner
- New Barag Right Banner
- Chahar Right Middle Banner
- Chahar Right Front Banner
- Chahar Right Rear Banner
- Dalat Banner
- Darhan Muminggan United Banner
Ejin Banner; League: Alxa- Ejin Horo Banner
- Hanggin Banner
- Hanggin Rear Banner
- Harqin Banner
- Hexigten Banner
- Horqin Left Rear Banner
- Horqin Left Middle Banner
Horqin Right Front Banner; League: Hinggan
Horqin Right Middle Banner; League: Hinggan- Hure Banner
Jalaid Banner; League: Hinggan- Jarud Banner
- Jung Gar Banner
- Muminggan Banner -> Darhan Muminggan United Banner
- Naiman Banner
- Ongniud Banner
- Otog Banner
- Otog Front Banner
- Siziwang Banner
Sonid Left Banner; League: Xilingol
Sonid Right Banner; League: Xilingol
Taibus Banner; League: Xilingol- Tumed Left Banner
- Tumed Right Banner
East Ujimqin Banner; League: Xilingol
West Ujimqin Banner; League: Xilingol- Urat Rear Banner
- Urat Middle Banner
- Urat Front Banner
- Uxin Banner
Xianghuang Banner; League: Xilingol
Zhenglan Banner; League: Xilingol
Zhengxiangbai Banner; League: Xilingol
Autonomous banner
An autonomous banner (Chinese: 自治旗; pinyin: zìzhìqí) is a special type of banner set up by the People's Republic of China. There are 3 autonomous banners, all of which are found in northeastern Inner Mongolia, each with a designated ethnic majority other than Han or Mongol and which is a national ethnic minority:
Oroqen Autonomous Banner (鄂伦春自治旗) for the Oroqen
Evenki Autonomous Banner (鄂温克族自治旗) for the Evenks
Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner (莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗) for the Daur
Banner converted city/county
Dorbod Mongol Autonomous County (Dorbod Banner)
Ergun (Ergun Right Banner)
Genhe (Ergun Left Banner)
Harqin Left Wing Mongol Autonomous County (Harqin Left Banner)
Front Gorlos Mongol Autonomous County (Front Gorlos Banner)
Xilinhot (Abahanar Banner)
Yakeshi (Xuguit Banner)
Zhalantun (Butha Banner)
Zhaoyuan County (Rear Gorlos Banner)
References
^ Yin-tʻang Chang (1933). The Economic Development and Prospects of Inner Mongolia (Chahar, Suiyuan, and Ningsia). Commercial Press, Limited. p. 62..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
See also
Eight Banners (banner system of the Manchus)
