集团军

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陸軍編制單位


  • 戰區

  • 戰線

  • 總軍


  • 集團軍群／方面軍


  • 大軍區

  • 軍區


  • 集團軍／方面隊（日语：方面隊）／軍團


  • 軍

  • 師

  • 旅

  • 准旅（法语：Demi-brigade）

  • 團

  • （群）

  • 營

  • 連

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  • 班

  • 伍

  • 伙（日语：組 (陸軍部隊単位)）

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Disambig gray.svg  關於与「集团军」名称相近或相同的条目，請見「兵团」。



APP-6A標圖符號，四個'X'表示這是一個軍團單位，其番號寫在符號的左側


集团军（Field Army，或譯野戰軍）是由若干个军或是师组成的军事单位，隶属于集团军群（Army Group）或方面军（Front, 苏軍）或大军区，指挥官为集团军司令，并且设立集团军指挥机关（如参谋部），集团军参谋长领导集团军司令部。陆军集团军为基本战役兵团，美國、苏联（俄罗斯）、中国在平时都有此编制，例如美軍駐韓部隊中的美國第八集团军。1949年前的国民革命军，长期有集团军的建制。在中華民國國軍中，將此級單位稱為「軍團」，「集團軍」則為Army之譯名。舊日本軍中的集團軍級單位稱「方面軍」，戰後日本自衛隊改稱「方面隊（日语：方面隊）」。韓國陸軍的集團軍級部隊稱「野戰軍」（韓語中常簡稱「軍」）。



概要


集团军的编组中包括一定数量的战斗部队以及勤务部队，按照军事需要编组。集团军按装备、任务和编成，可分为野战集团军（西方国家军语），陆军集团军（中国军语）、诸兵种合成集团军（苏联军语）、近卫集团军、突击集团军、坦克集团军、机械化集团军、空军集团军、防空集团军、工程兵集团军（苏联二战时期编制）或是战略导弹集团军。


集团军的设立是由国家需要决定，编成部队数量是由所处地域，任务，敌方兵力决定。集团军是方面军（二戰日軍）的组成部分，也是在大规模战争中的重要指挥机构。


集团军司令官的军衔一般是上将或中将。


中国人民解放军的集团军是由陆军的军改编而来，其指挥员不称「集团军司令员」，而是称「集团军军长」，军衔为少将。


中國的集團軍，其實是軍級之單位，下轄幾個師與獨立旅，而西方的集團軍通常是下轄幾個軍。因此2013年《中国国防白皮书》官方英文版，陆军集团军译为combined corps。[1]



参考文献





  1. ^ "The Diversified Employment of China's Armed Forces" 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2014-11-17.，国务院新闻办公室，2013年4月发布。其中写道："The PLAA mobile operational units include 18 combined corps, plus additional independent combined operational divisions (brigades), and have a total strength of 850,000. The combined corps, composed of divisions and brigades, are respectively under the seven military area commands (MACs)"




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