太戊

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太戊或大戊,子姓,名密[1],生卒年不详,中國商朝君王,《史記·殷本紀》言為前任君王小甲弟,雍己之兄,繼雍己之後為國君,然而據甲骨文周祭卜辭,雍己卻排在大戊之後,因此學者認為雍己應為大戊之弟。《書·無逸》及《太平御覽》引《史記》皆謂太戊在位七十五年(前1535年─前1460年)。太戊在位時,擧賢人伊陟為丞相,天下大治,諸侯歸附。《史記》稱太戊廟號為中宗。諸子可証者有仲丁、止壬、河亶甲。
在位年數
現今流傳文獻記載的太戊在位年數有2種說法:
- 在位15年,《冊府元龜》。
- 在位75年,《尚書·無逸》、《史記·魯世家》、《今本竹書紀年》、《太平御覽》卷83引《史記》,《皇極經世》、《資治通鑑外紀》、《資治通鑑前編》、《通志》、《文獻通考》均同。
近代學者大多認同太戊在位75年說,而姜文奎以殷墟卜辭稱祖乙為中宗,而太戊之兄小甲、雍己分別在位17年及12年,太戊若在位75年,則年壽必定接近百歲,推定太戊在位19年。
妻
妣壬,甲骨文作“大戊配妣壬”[a],中丁之母
注釋
參見
- 王玉哲:《中華遠古史》,上海人民出版社,2000年7月,第365-366頁
- 宋鎮豪主編:《商代史》卷2〈「殷本紀」訂補與商史人物徵〉,中國社會科學出版社,2010年12月
- 論商代的父與子 - 漢學研究中心
- 姜文奎:《夏商西周年代考》,國立編譯館,2000年12月,第185-186頁
商朝君主
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世系 |
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商朝先公 |
嚳 → 契 → 昭明 → 相土 → 昌若 → 曹圉 → 冥 → 王亥 → 王恒 → 上甲微 → 報乙 → 報丙 → 報丁 → 主壬 → 主癸
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商朝君主
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汤 → 外丙 → 太甲 → 太庚 → 小甲 → 太戊 → 雍己 → 中丁 → 外壬 → 河亶甲 → 祖乙 → 祖辛 → 沃甲 → 祖丁 → 南庚 → 阳甲 → 盘庚 → 小辛 → 小乙 → 武丁 → 祖庚 → 祖甲 → 庚丁 → 武乙 → 文丁 → 帝乙 → 帝辛
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有争议的君主 |
太丁 · 伊尹 · 仲壬 · 沃丁 · 祖己 · 廪辛
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註1:有待考证的商朝君主:夒 · 兕 · 禼 · 岳 · 囧 · 土 · 羔 · 王吴 · 河 · 季 · 昏 · 炘 · 𠣬 · 娥 ·
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註2:舊說太戊在雍己之後,然而在周祭卜辭中,雍己卻排在大戊之後,因此學者認為雍己應為大戊之弟。
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三皇五帝 → 夏 → 商 → 周 → 秦 → 汉 → 三国 → 晋 / 十六国 → 南朝 / 元魏 – 北齐 – 北周 → 隋 → 唐 → 五代 – 十國 → 宋 / 西夏 / 辽 / 金 → 元 → 明 → 清 → 民国 / 共和国
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