Irina Khakamada
Irina Khakamada Ирина Хакамада イリーナ・ハカマダ | |
|---|---|
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| Deputy Chairman of the State Duma | |
In office 31 May 2000 – 29 December 2003 | |
| Member of the State Duma | |
In office 12 December 1993 – 29 December 2003 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Irina Mutsuovna Khakamada (1955-04-13) 13 April 1955 Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union |
| Political party |
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| Children | Son Daniil, Daughter Maria |
| Alma mater | RUDN University |
| Website | www.hakamada.ru |
Irina Mutsuovna Khakamada (Russian: Ири́на Муцу́овна Хакама́да, IPA: [ɪˈrʲinə mʊˈtsuəvnə xəkɐˈmadə], Japanese: イリーナ・ハカマダ, born April 13, 1955 in Moscow) is a Russian politician who ran in the Russian presidential election, 2004.
Contents
1 Biography
1.1 Duma career
1.2 2004 presidential campaign
1.3 Our Choice (2004-2006)
1.4 People's Democratic Union (2006-2008)
1.5 Independent of a party (2008-2016)
1.6 Party of Growth (2016-present)
2 Film and Television
3 References
4 External links
4.1 English
4.2 Russian
Biography
Khakamada was born to a Japanese father, Mutsuo Hakamada, a communist who defected to the Soviet Union in 1939, and Nina Sinelnikova, who is of Russian and Armenian roots, schoolteacher who lost her father to the Stalinist purges and her mother to suicide following the family's forced relocation to Khabarovsk.[1] Her paternal uncle is Satomi Hakamada (袴田 里見), a longtime member of the Japanese Communist Party leadership. The Russia expert and Aoyama Gakuin University political science professor Shigeki Hakamada is her half-brother. In Kanji, her family name is 袴田; in katakana, her name is イリーナ・ハカマダ.[2]
She graduated from the Department of Economy of the Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University in Moscow in 1978. She later obtained her PhD degree from the Faculty of Economics of Lomonosov Moscow State University. She was a member of the CPSU from 1984 to 1989.[3]
Duma career
Irina Khakamada was an elected Duma representative from 1993 to 2003. She is commonly regarded as a democratic politician who is in a moderate opposition to the Russian government. She is known for criticizing the governmental actions during Moscow theater hostage crisis where she was involved as one of the negotiators. Khakamada stated that the hostage takers were not going to use their bombs to kill the people and destroy the building.[4] This opinion was supported by other negotiators including Anna Politkovskaya and by the subsequent events when the Chechens did not use their bombs.
Khakamada was a member of the coordinating council of the Union of Right Forces. She opted to abstain from the council's vote on their endorsement in the 2000 presidential election, in which the party ultimately voted to support Vladimir Putin's campaign over that of council member Konstantin Titov.[5]
2004 presidential campaign
Khakamada was still one of the leaders of the Union of Rightist Forces when she decided to run in the Russian presidential election, 2004. She was not supported by her own party, which had already decided before she launched her campaign that they would not nominate a candidate.[6] She announced her candidacy in December of 2003, shortly after her party had reached this decision.[7]
Khakamada kicked-off her campaign by delivering a speech which placed the blame for the Moscow theater hostage crisis at Putin's feet.[8][7] She entered the election with better name recognition than most of the other candidates challenging Putin.[6] Her candidacy was officially registered on 8 February.[6] Khakamada was only the second woman to be a registered candidate in a Russian presidential election, after only Ella Pamfilova (who ran in 2000). Another woman would not be a registered candidate for another fourteen years, until Ksenia Sobchak's campaign in the 2018 election.[9]
Khakamada claimed her motivation for running was her desire to see a liberal opposition candidate.[8] She would ultimately be the only liberal oppositon candidate to run.[8]
In an article published in Novaya Gazeta, Yulia Latynina alleged that Khakamada only entered the election to feign a role of a democratic opponent to provide more legitimacy to the election of Vladimir Putin, a role that Grigory Yavlinsky refused to play. However, Khakamada denied such allegations.[10][11]
Her campaign slogan as “Irina Khakamada: Our Voice”.[8] Her campaign received funding from Boris Nevzlin, a former Yukos chief who was being targeted for international investigation by Russian authorities and was residing in Israel at the time of the campaign.[8]
Roughly half of Russians had a negative opinion of her.[12]
She was outspoken about unfair conditions of the election, particularly about its media coverage.[8]
Early into the campaign, analysts predicted that, optimistically, she might be able to receive more than 10% of the vote. However, they also predicted she would be unable to achieve any greater result than that.[8]
Khakamada ultimately received 3.9% of votes in the election.[13][14] While she declared that she found her performance in the election to have been, "satisfactory", she alleged that there had been many irregularities with the vote.[15]
After the election Alexei Kara-Murza (a member of the Political Council of the Union of Right Forces) praised her performance in the election as an, "important
stand against Kremlin’s political monopoly".[15] Kara-Murza asserted that he believed Khakamada had performed quite well in the election, particularly considering the fact that she had not received any support from Yabloko and a number of other leading liberal political organizations.[15]
Our Choice (2004-2006)
Immediately after the election Khakamada founded a new political party named Our Choice.[15]
People's Democratic Union (2006-2008)
In 2006 Our Choice merged with the People's Democratic Union, which was thereafter led by Mikhail Kasyanov and her. She published book "Gender in big-time politics"[16] describing her personal experience of work in Kremlin.[17]
On June 11, 2006 Boris Berezovsky, fugitive from Russian justice system, said Boris Nemtsov received a word from Khakamada that Putin threatened her and like-minded colleagues in person. According to Berezovsky Putin had issued threats that Khakamada and her colleagues "will take in the head immediately, literally, not figuratively" if they "open the mouth" about the Russian apartment bombings.[18]
Former FSB officer Alexander Litvinenko said he had learned from Anna Politkovskaya that Putin asked Khakamada to pass a threat to Politkovskaya.[19] Khakamada denied her involvement in passing any specific threats, and said that she warned Politkovskaya only in general terms more than a year earlier, and that Politkovskaya blamed her and Mikhail Kasyanov for becoming Kremlin's puppets.[20] Politkovskaya and Litvinenko were murdered in October and November 2006, respectively.
Independent of a party (2008-2016)
Khakamda in 2013
Party of Growth (2016-present)
Film and Television
Khakamada has appeared in several films and television series as an actress, including Brief Guide To A Happy Life in 2012.
References
^ Noonan, Norma C. & Nechemias, Carol. Encyclopedia of Russian Women's Movements. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001. .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
ISBN 0-313-30438-6,
ISBN 978-0-313-30438-5
^ Mitrokhin, Vasili, Christopher Andrew (2005). The World Was Going Our Way: The KGB and the Battle for the Third World. Basic Books.
ISBN 978-0-465-00311-2.
^ "Хакамада, Ирина". Lenta.ru. Retrieved 8 October 2016.
^ "ПРЕЗИДЕНТСКИЕ ВЫБОРЫ — НАШ ПОСЛЕДНИЙ ШАНС УЗНАТЬ ПРАВДУ". Retrieved May 8, 2016.
^ Антикомпромат. Союз Правых сил
^ abc "PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 14 March 2004 OSCE/ODIHR Election Observation Mission Report". www.osce.org. Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights. 2 June 2004. Retrieved 29 October 2018.
^ ab "RUSSIAN ELECTION WATCH Vol.3, No.5," (PDF). www.belfercenter.org. Harvard University (Belfer Center for Science & International Affairs, Davis Center for Russian & Eurasian Studies) and Indiana University-Bloomington. February 2004. Retrieved October 29, 2018.
^ abcdefg "RUSSIAN ELECTION WATCH Vol.3, No.6," (PDF). www.belfercenter.org. Harvard University (Belfer Center for Science & International Affairs, Davis Center for Russian & Eurasian Studies) and Indiana University-Bloomington. March 2004. Retrieved October 23, 2018.
^ Ksenia Sobchak announced the participation in the presidential elections in Russia October 18 18:30, Ksenia Sobchak for Vedomosti
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on November 27, 2005. Retrieved December 4, 2006.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
^ "ХАКАМАДА ОТКАЗАЛАСЬ БЫТЬ "КРЕМЛЕВСКИМ ПРОЕКТОМ"?". Retrieved May 8, 2016.
^ [http://bd.fom.ru/report/map/dd040626 И. Хакамада - кандидат в президенты
FOM]
^ "BBC NEWS - Europe - Russia's Putin sweeps to victory". Retrieved May 8, 2016.
^ "RUSSIAN ELECTION WATCH Vol.3, No.4," (PDF). Harvard University (Belfer Center for Science & International Affairs, Davis Center for Russian & Eurasian Studies) and Indiana University-Bloomington. January 2004. Retrieved October 29, 2018.
^ abcd "RUSSIAN ELECTION WATCH Vol.3, No.7," (PDF). www.belfercenter.org. Harvard University (Belfer Center for Science & International Affairs, Davis Center for Russian & Eurasian Studies) and Indiana University-Bloomington. April 2004. Retrieved October 29, 2018.
^ "SEX В БОЛЬШОЙ ПОЛИТИКЕ". Retrieved May 8, 2016.
^ "СИНХРОННЫЙ ПЕРЕВОД С КРЕМЛЕВСКОГО". Retrieved May 8, 2016.
^ Live interview with Berezovsky by Evgenia Albats, Radio Echo of Moscow, 11 June 2006. Transcript in Russian, computer translation Archived October 31, 2007, at the Wayback Machine..
^ Litvinenko's statement at the Frontline Club, 19 October 2006. Google video in Russian and English Archived February 10, 2012, at the Wayback Machine..
^ Live interview with Irina Hakamada by Anna Kachkayeva. "Irina Hakamada on party engineering and Russian economy", Radio Liberty, December 4, 2006. Transcript in Russian Archived September 30, 2007, at the Wayback Machine., computer translation .
External links
English
 | Wikimedia Commons has media related to Irina Hakamada. |
Profile — from mosnews.com- A challenger for the presidency
Russian
- Official site
- Irina Khakamada about her book
- A chapter from the book
- Another chapter from the book
Irina Khakamada about hostage crisis, interview by Anna Politkovskaya
- Presidential race
Criticism by Yulia Latynina
- Reply to the criticism
- Interview - Radio Free Europe
- Interview - Radio Free Europe
- Interview - Radio Free Europe
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