Brstjjy

Liberal International
	; Liberal International logo;
Abbreviation	LI
Formation	April 1947, constituted with the Oxford Manifesto;
Type	Federation
Purpose	World federation of liberal political parties and organisations
Headquarters	National Liberal Club
Location	; London, United Kingdom;
Region served	Worldwide
Membership	104 (From October 2009)
President	Juli Minoves
Main organ	Congress of Liberal International
Website	www.liberal-international.org

Liberal International (LI) is a political international federation for liberal political parties.

Its headquarters is located at 1 Whitehall Place, London, SW1A 2HD within the National Liberal Club. It was founded in Oxford in 1947, and has become the pre-eminent network for liberal parties and for the strengthening of liberalism around the world. The Oxford Manifesto describes the basic political principles of the Liberal International.

Aims

The Liberal International Constitution (2005) gives its purposes as

.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}

to win general acceptance of Liberal principles which are international in their nature throughout the world, and to foster the growth of a free society based on personal liberty, personal responsibility and social justice, and to provide the means of co-operation and interchange of information between the member organisations, and between men and women of all countries who accept these principles.

The principles that unite member parties from Africa, the Americas, Asia and Europe are: respect for human rights, free and fair elections and multi-party democracy, social justice, tolerance, market economy, free trade, environmental sustainability and a strong sense of international solidarity.

The aims of Liberal International are also set out in a series of seven manifestos, written between 1946 and 1997 and are furthered by a variety of bodies including a near yearly conference for liberal parties and individuals from around the world.^[1]

Bureau

The 13th president of Liberal International is Juli Minoves of the Liberal Party of Andorra (PLA), formerly Andorra's foreign minister and representative to the United Nations. Minoves succeeded to Hans van Baalen, leader of the delegation and spokesperson on Foreign Affairs and Defence for the Dutch People's Party for Freedom and Democracy in the European Parliament.

Former Presidents include Lord John Alderdice, Dutch politician and former European Commissioner Frits Bolkestein, German politician Otto Graf Lambsdorff, and Spain's first democratically elected prime minister after Francoist Spain, Adolfo Suárez.

Other members of the bureau include Deputy President Helen Zille, and Vice Presidents Cecilia Wikström MEP, Dzhevdet Chakarov MP, Baroness Falkner of Margravine, Kasit Piromya, Markus Löning, and treasurers Robert Woodthorpe Browne MBE and Shih-chung Liu. The secretary general is Emil Kirjas, a former president of the International Federation of Liberal Youth.

Publications

Liberal International has two main publications:

LI-news,^[2] a weekly dossier of news items that are relevant to the organisation's member parties or cooperating organisations;

Liberal Matters, a magazine published several times a year highlighting a particular liberal issue.

Oxford Manifesto

The Oxford Manifesto, drawn up in April 1947 at Wadham College in Oxford by representatives from 19 liberal political parties, led by Salvador de Madariaga, is a document describing the basic political principles of the Liberal International.^[3]

The Oxford Manifesto was inspired by the ideas of William Beveridge^{[citation needed]} and is regarded as one of the defining political documents of the 20 century.^{[citation needed]}

Fifty years on, in 1997, Liberal International returned to Oxford and issued a supplement to the original manifesto, The Liberal Agenda for the 21st century, describing Liberal policies in greater detail. The second Oxford Manifesto was adopted by the 48th Congress of Liberal International, which was held on 27–30 November 1997 in the Oxford Town Hall.^[4]

Organisation

Presidents

N°	Name (Birth–Death)	Country	Presidency		Membership
1	Salvador de Madariaga (1886–1978)	United Kingdom Spain (exiled)	20 April 1948	18 April 1952	Association Mont Pelerin Society
2	Roger Motz (1904–1964)	Belgium	18 April 1952	20 April 1958	Liberal Party
3	Giovanni Malagodi (1904–1991)	Italy	20 April 1958	15 April 1966	Italian Liberal Party
4	Edzo Toxopeus (1918–2009)	Netherlands	15 April 1966	25 April 1970	People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
5	Gaston Thorn (1928–2007)	Luxembourg	25 April 1970	18 April 1982	Democratic Party
(3)	Giovanni Malagodi (1904–1991)	Italy	18 April 1982	26 April 1989	Italian Liberal Party
6	Adolfo Suárez (1932–2014)	Spain	26 April 1989	22 April 1992	Democratic and Social Centre
7	Otto Graf Lambsdorff (1926–2009)	Germany	22 April 1992	25 April 1994	Free Democratic Party
8	David Steel (1938–)	United Kingdom	25 April 1994	15 April 1996	Liberal Democrats
9	Frits Bolkestein (1933–)	Netherlands	15 April 1996	18 April 2000	People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
10	Annemie Neyts-Uyttebroeck (1944–)	Belgium	18 April 2000	25 April 2005	Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten
11	John Alderdice (1955–)	United Kingdom	25 April 2005	20 April 2009	Liberal Democrats and Alliance Party of Northern Ireland
12	Hans van Baalen (1960–)	Netherlands	20 April 2009	26 April 2014	People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
13	Juli Minoves (1969–)	Andorra	26 April 2014	Incumbent	Liberal Party of Andorra

Members

In addition to the member organizations listed below, the International has a single individual member, Martin Lee, the founding chairman of Democratic Party (Hong Kong).

Full members

Country	Name	Government	Notes	Political wing
Andorra	Liberal Party of Andorra^[5]	in opposition		Centre-right
Belgium	Reform Movement^[5]	in government coalition	The Reform Movement's leader became Prime Minister, but it is not the largest party in the coalition.	Centre-right
Belgium	Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats^[5]	junior party in government coalition
Botswana	Botswana Movement for Democracy	in opposition	part of Umbrella for Democratic Change
Bulgaria	Movement for Rights and Freedoms	in opposition
Bulgaria	National Movement for Stability and Progress	extraparliamentary opposition
Burkina Faso	Alliance for Democracy and Federation – African Democratic Rally	in opposition
Burundi	Alliance démocratique pour le renouveau [fr]	in opposition
Canada	Liberal Party of Canada^[6]^[7]	in government
Chile	Liberal Party of Chile	in opposition
Republic of China (Taiwan)	Democratic Progressive Party	in government		Centre-left anti-communism
Democratic Republic of the Congo	Alliance pour le renouveau au Congo [fr]	in opposition
Côte d'Ivoire	Rally of the Republicans	in government
Croatia	Croatian Social Liberal Party	junior party in government coalition
Cuba	Cuban Liberal Union	in exile
Cuba	Democratic Solidarity Party	in exile
Cuba	National Liberal Party	in exile
Denmark	Danish Social Liberal Party	in opposition
Denmark	Liberal Party	senior party in government coalition
Egypt	Free Egyptians Party	N/A
Estonia	Estonian Reform Party	senior party in opposition
Finland	Centre Party	senior party in government coalition
Finland	Swedish People's Party	in opposition
Georgia	Republican Party of Georgia	junior party in government coalition
Germany	German Group of the LI	N/A
Germany	Free Democratic Party	in opposition
Gibraltar	Liberal Party^[5]	junior party in government coalition
Guatemala	Patriotic Party	in opposition
Guinea	Union of Democratic Forces of Guinea	in opposition
Guinea	Union of Republican Forces	in opposition
Honduras	Liberal Party	in opposition
Iceland	Progressive Party	in government
Ireland	Fianna Fáil^[5]	in opposition
Israel	Israeli Liberal Group	N/A
Kosovo	Independent Liberal Party	in opposition
Lebanon	Future Movement	senior party in government coalition		centre-right
Luxembourg	Democratic Party	senior party in government coalition
Macedonia	Liberal Democratic Party	in opposition
Madagascar	Movement for the Progress of Madagascar	in opposition
Mexico	New Alliance Party	in opposition
Mongolia	Civil Will-Green Party	extraparliamentary opposition
Morocco	Constitutional Union	in opposition
Morocco	Popular Movement	junior party in government coalition
Netherlands	Democrats 66	junior party in government coalition
Netherlands	Dutch Group of LI	N/A
Netherlands	People's Party for Freedom and Democracy^[8]	senior party in government coalition
Nicaragua	Independent Liberal Party	in opposition
Norway	Liberal Party	in opposition
Paraguay	Authentic Radical Liberal Party	in opposition
Philippines	Liberal Party	in opposition
Portugal	Liberal Initiative	extraparliamentary opposition
Romania	National Liberal Party	in opposition
Russia	Yabloko	extraparliamentary opposition		Centre-left anti-communism
Senegal	Senegalese Democratic Party	in opposition
Slovenia	Modern Centre Party	junior party in government coalition
South Africa	Democratic Alliance	in opposition	in government in the Western Cape
Spain	Fundació Llibertat i Democràcia	N/A	liberal foundation linked to Democratic Convergence of Catalonia^[9]
Sri Lanka	Liberal Party of Sri Lanka	in opposition
Sweden	The Liberals	in opposition
Sweden	Centre Party	in opposition
Switzerland	FDP.The Liberals	junior party in government coalition
Tanzania	Civic United Front	in opposition / in coalition in autonomous region of Zanzibar
Thailand	Democrat Party	in opposition		Centre-right
United Kingdom	Alliance Party of Northern Ireland	in opposition
United Kingdom	Liberal International British Group	N/A
United Kingdom	Liberal Democrats	in opposition

Observer parties

Country	Name	Government	Notes
Argentina	Unión por la Libertad [es]	junior party in government coalition
Austria	NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum	in opposition
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Liberal Democratic Party	in opposition
Brazil	Brazilian Group of Liberal International	N/A	affiliated to the Democrats, Rio Grande do Sul
Colombia	Social Party of National Unity^[10]	in government
Comoros	Alliance Nationale pour les Comores	extraparliamentary opposition
Democratic Republic of the Congo	Union pour la reconstruction du Congo [fr]	in opposition
Republic of the Congo	Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development	in oppositions
Croatia	Istrian Democratic Assembly^[11]	in opposition
Cyprus	United Democrats	extraparliamentary opposition
Ethiopia	Ethiopian Democratic Party	in opposition
Guatemala	Reform Movement	in opposition
Italy	Italian Liberal Group	N/A
Kenya	Orange Democratic Movement	in opposition
Malaysia	Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia	in opposition
Malaysia	People's Justice Party	in government coalition	Part of the Pakatan Harapan
Mali	Citizens' Party for the Renewal of Mali	extraparliamentary opposition
Moldova	Liberal Reformist Party	extraparliamentary opposition
Montenegro	Liberal Party of Montenegro	junior party in government coalition
Morocco	National Rally of Independents	junior party in government coalition
Mozambique	Party for Peace, Democracy, and Development	extraparliamentary opposition
Romania	Alliance of Liberals and Democrats	junior party in government coalition
Senegal	Rewmi [fr]	in opposition
Singapore	Singapore Democratic Party	extraparliamentary opposition
Ukraine	Ukraine of the Future	extraparliamentary opposition

Cooperating organizations

Africa Liberal Network

Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (ALDE-PACE)

Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party (ALDE Party)

Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats

Friedrich Naumann Stiftung

Fondazione Libro Aperto

Fondazione Luigi Einaudi

Swedish International Liberal Centre

Arab Alliance for Freedom and Democracy (AAFD) (until 2011 Network of Arab Liberals, NAL)

Neue Zürcher Zeitung

National Democratic Institute, an organization with ties to the Democratic Party (United States), though government-sponsored through the National Endowment for Democracy

Red Liberal de América Latina

Liberal think tanks and foundations

The International is also in a loose association with the following organisations:

Centre Jean Gol (Belgium)

Friedrich Naumann Foundation (Germany)

Fondazione Critica Liberale (Italy)

Teldersstichting (Netherlands)

The Bertil Ohlin Institute (Sweden)

CentreForum (UK)

References

^ "Constitution – Politics – Liberalism". Liberal-international.org. Archived from the original on 25 November 2010. Retrieved 4 January 2011..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}

^ "LI News Subscribe – Liberalism". Liberal-international.org. Archived from the original on 17 December 2010. Retrieved 4 January 2011.

^ "Oxford Manifesto 1947 – Manifesto – Politics – Liberalism". Liberal-international.org. Archived from the original on 11 February 2011. Retrieved 4 January 2011.

^ "Oxford Manifesto 1997 – Manifesto – Politics – Liberalism". Liberal-international.org. 30 November 1997. Archived from the original on 7 February 2011. Retrieved 4 January 2011.

^ ^a^b^c^d^e "Europe - Liberal International". Liberal International. Retrieved 2018-10-14.

^ "Liberal Party of Canada Welcomes Liberal International to 2009 Convention". Liberal Party of Canada. March 6, 2009. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved August 28, 2012.

^ "North America - Liberal International". Liberal International. Retrieved 2018-10-14.

^ (in Dutch) VVD is a member of LI Archived 28 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ [1] Archived 9 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Partido de la U - Colombia - Observer Members - Members - Liberalism". Liberal-international.org. Archived from the original on 13 December 2013. Retrieved 13 December 2013.

^ "Observer Members". Liberal-international.org. Archived from the original on 5 July 2014. Retrieved 2014-06-22.

External links

Liberal International official site

The Liberal Agenda for the 21st century

Former LI Vice President Bi-khim Hsiao

[1] "Constitution – Politics – Liberalism". Liberal-international.org. Archived from the original on 25 November 2010. Retrieved 4 January 2011..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}

[2] "LI News Subscribe – Liberalism". Liberal-international.org. Archived from the original on 17 December 2010. Retrieved 4 January 2011.

[3] "Oxford Manifesto 1947 – Manifesto – Politics – Liberalism". Liberal-international.org. Archived from the original on 11 February 2011. Retrieved 4 January 2011.

[4] "Oxford Manifesto 1997 – Manifesto – Politics – Liberalism". Liberal-international.org. 30 November 1997. Archived from the original on 7 February 2011. Retrieved 4 January 2011.

[:0-5] "Europe - Liberal International". Liberal International. Retrieved 2018-10-14.

[6] "Liberal Party of Canada Welcomes Liberal International to 2009 Convention". Liberal Party of Canada. March 6, 2009. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved August 28, 2012.

[7] "North America - Liberal International". Liberal International. Retrieved 2018-10-14.

[8] (in Dutch) VVD is a member of LI Archived 28 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

[9] [1] Archived 9 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

[10] "Partido de la U - Colombia - Observer Members - Members - Liberalism". Liberal-international.org. Archived from the original on 13 December 2013. Retrieved 13 December 2013.

[11] "Observer Members". Liberal-international.org. Archived from the original on 5 July 2014. Retrieved 2014-06-22.

v t e Political internationals
Active	Centrist Democrat International Committee for a Workers' International E2D International Fourth International (post-reunification) Global Greens Humanist International International Alliance of Libertarian Parties International Committee of the Fourth International International Democrat Union International League of Peoples' Struggle International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties International Communist Seminar International of Anarchist Federations International Workers' Association Liberal International Liberty International Muslim Brotherhood Pirate Parties International Progressive Alliance Socialist International
Historical	First International Anarchist St. Imier International Black International Second International Vienna International Third International Communist Workers' International Fourth International Labour and Socialist International International Revolutionary Marxist Centre Fascist International Situationist International Revolutionary Internationalist Movement
Pan-European political parties

搜尋此網誌