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84th Academy Awards
	; Official poster;
Date	February 26, 2012
Site	; Hollywood and Highland Center Theatre; Hollywood, Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Hosted by	; Billy Crystal;
Preshow hosts	Jess Cagle; Nina García; Tim Gunn; Robin Roberts; Louise Roe;
Produced by	; Brian Grazer; Don Mischer;
Directed by	; Don Mischer;
Highlights
Best Picture	The Artist
Most awards	; The Artist and Hugo (5)
Most nominations	; Hugo (11)
TV in the United States
Network	ABC
Duration	3 hours, 13 minutes;
Ratings	39.46 million; 23.91% (Nielsen ratings);
	; ; ← 83rd; ; ; Academy Awards; ; ; 85th →; ; ;

The 84th Academy Awards ceremony, presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), honored the best films of 2011 in the United States and took place on February 26, 2012, at the Hollywood and Highland Center Theatre^[a] in Hollywood, Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST. During the ceremony, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences presented Academy Awards (commonly referred to as Oscars) in 24 categories. The ceremony was televised in the United States by ABC, and produced by Brian Grazer and Don Mischer, with Mischer also serving as director. Actor Billy Crystal hosted the show for the ninth time. He first presided over the 62nd ceremony held in 1990 and had last hosted the 76th ceremony held in 2004.^[6]

On June 14, 2011, Academy president Tom Sherak announced at a press conference that, in an attempt to further revitalize interest surrounding the awards, the 2012 ceremony would feature between five and ten Best Picture nominees depending on voting results, as opposed to a set number of nominees.^[7] In related events, the Academy held its third annual Governors Awards ceremony at the Grand Ballroom of the Hollywood and Highland Center on November 12, 2011.^[8] On February 11, 2012, in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills, California, the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Milla Jovovich.^[9]

The Artist won five awards, including Best Actor for Jean Dujardin, Best Director for Michel Hazanavicius, and Best Picture, the first silent feature to win an Academy Award for Best Picture since 1927's Wings, the inaugural winner in 1929.^[10]^[11]^[12] Other winners included Hugo also with five awards, The Iron Lady with two awards, and Beginners, The Descendants, The Fantastic Flying Books of Mr. Morris Lessmore, The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, The Help, Midnight in Paris, The Muppets, Rango, Saving Face, A Separation, The Shore, and Undefeated with one. The telecast garnered more than 39 million viewers in the United States.

Winners and nominees

The nominees for the 84th Academy Awards were announced on January 24, 2012, at 5:38 a.m. PST (13:38 UTC) at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater in Beverly Hills, California, by Tom Sherak, president of the Academy, and the actress Jennifer Lawrence.^[13]Hugo led all nominees with eleven nominations; The Artist came in second with ten.^[14]

The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on February 26, 2012.^[15] While many confuse The Artist as a silent feature, it is actually a sound picture with an accompanying soundtrack. The 1927 film Wings is still the only silent film to win Best Picture, an honor received at the inaugural awards ceremony in 1929.^[16] Moreover, it was also the first black-and-white feature to win Best Picture since 1993's Schindler's List.^[16]^[b] Best Actor winner Jean Dujardin became the first French actor to win an Oscar.^[17] With her latest win for Best Actress, Meryl Streep became the fifth performer to win at least three acting Oscars.^[17] At age 82, Best Supporting Actor winner Christopher Plummer also made Oscar history by becoming the oldest ever performer to win a competitive acting Oscar.^[17]^[18]

Awards

Michel Hazanavicius, Best Director winner

Jean Dujardin, Best Actor winner

Meryl Streep, Best Actress winner

Christopher Plummer, Best Supporting Actor winner

Octavia Spencer, Best Supporting Actress winner

Woody Allen, Best Original Screenplay winner

Alexander Payne, Best Adapted Screenplay co-winner

Nat Faxon, Best Adapted Screenplay co-winner

Jim Rash, Best Adapted Screenplay co-winner

Asghar Farhadi, Best Foreign Language Film winner

Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy, Best Documentary Short Subject co-winner

William Joyce, Best Animated Short Film co-winner

Bret McKenzie, Best Original Song winner

Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double dagger ().^[19]

Best Picture The Artist – Thomas Langmann, producer The Descendants – Jim Burke, Jim Taylor, and Alexander Payne, producers Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close – Scott Rudin, producer The Help – Brunson Green, Chris Columbus, and Michael Barnathan, producers Hugo – Graham King and Martin Scorsese, producers Midnight in Paris – Letty Aronson and Stephen Tenenbaum, producers Moneyball – Michael De Luca, Rachael Horovitz, and Brad Pitt, producers The Tree of Life – Dede Gardner, Sarah Green, Grant Hill, and Bill Pohlad, producers War Horse – Steven Spielberg and Kathleen Kennedy, producers	Best Director Michel Hazanavicius – The Artist Alexander Payne – The Descendants Martin Scorsese – Hugo Woody Allen – Midnight in Paris Terrence Malick – The Tree of Life
Best Actor *Jean Dujardin – The Artist* as George Valentin** Demián Bichir – A Better Life as Carlos Galindo George Clooney – The Descendants as Matthew "Matt" King Gary Oldman – Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy as George Smiley Brad Pitt – Moneyball as Billy Beane	Best Actress *Meryl Streep – The Iron Lady* as Margaret Thatcher** Glenn Close – Albert Nobbs as Albert Nobbs Viola Davis – The Help as Aibileen Clark Rooney Mara – The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Lisbeth Salander Michelle Williams – My Week with Marilyn as Marilyn Monroe
Best Supporting Actor *Christopher Plummer – Beginners* as Hal Fields** Kenneth Branagh – My Week with Marilyn as Laurence Olivier Jonah Hill – Moneyball as Peter Brand Nick Nolte – Warrior as Paddy Conlon Max von Sydow – Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close as The Renter	Best Supporting Actress *Octavia Spencer – The Help* as Minny Jackson** Bérénice Bejo – The Artist as Peppy Miller Jessica Chastain – The Help as Celia Foote Melissa McCarthy – Bridesmaids as Megan Price Janet McTeer – Albert Nobbs as Hubert Page
Best Original Screenplay Midnight in Paris – Woody Allen The Artist – Michel Hazanavicius Bridesmaids – Kristen Wiig and Annie Mumolo Margin Call – J. C. Chandor A Separation – Asghar Farhadi	Best Adapted Screenplay The Descendants – Alexander Payne, Nat Faxon, and Jim Rash based on the novel by Kaui Hart Hemmings Hugo – John Logan based on the book entitled The Invention of Hugo Cabret by Brian Selznick The Ides of March – George Clooney, Grant Heslov, and Beau Willimon based on the play Farragut North by Beau Willimon Moneyball – Screenplay by Steven Zaillian and Aaron Sorkin; Story by Stan Chervin based on the book by Michael Lewis Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy – Bridget O'Connor (posthumous nomination) and Peter Straughan based on the novel by John le Carré
Best Animated Feature Film Rango – Directed by Gore Verbinski A Cat in Paris – Directed by Alain Gagnol and Jean-Loup Felicioli Chico and Rita – Directed by Fernando Trueba and Javier Mariscal Kung Fu Panda 2 – Directed by Jennifer Yuh Nelson Puss in Boots – Directed by Chris Miller	Best Foreign Language Film A Separation (Iran) in Persian – Directed by Asghar Farhadi Bullhead (Belgium) in Dutch and French – Directed by Michaël R. Roskam Footnote (Israel) in Hebrew – Directed by Joseph Cedar In Darkness (Poland) in Polish – Directed by Agnieszka Holland Monsieur Lazhar (Canada) in French – Directed by Philippe Falardeau
Best Documentary – Feature Undefeated – T. J. Martin, Daniel Lindsay, and Rich Middlemas Hell and Back Again – Danfung Dennis and Mike Lerner If a Tree Falls: A Story of the Earth Liberation Front – Marshall Curry and Sam Cullman Paradise Lost 3: Purgatory – Joe Berlinger and Bruce Sinofsky Pina – Wim Wenders and Gian-Piero Ringel	Best Documentary – Short Subject Saving Face – Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy and Daniel Junge The Barber of Birmingham – Robin Fryday and Gail Dolgin (posthumous nomination) God Is the Bigger Elvis – Rebecca Cammisa and Julie Anderson Incident in New Baghdad – James Spione The Tsunami and the Cherry Blossom – Lucy Walker and Kira Carstensen
Best Live Action Short Film The Shore – Terry George and Oorlagh George Pentecost – Peter McDonald and Eimear O'Kane Raju – Max Zahle and Stefan Gieren Time Freak – Andrew Bowler and Gigi Causey Tuba Atlantic – Hallvar Witzø (nomination revoked)^[c]	Best Animated Short Film The Fantastic Flying Books of Mr. Morris Lessmore – William Joyce and Brandon Oldenburg Dimanche – Patrick Doyon La Luna – Enrico Casarosa A Morning Stroll – Grant Orchard and Sue Goffe Wild Life – Amanda Forbis and Wendy Tilby
Best Original Score The Artist – Ludovic Bource The Adventures of Tintin – John Williams Hugo – Howard Shore Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy – Alberto Iglesias War Horse – John Williams	Best Original Song "*Man or Muppet" from The Muppets* – Music and Lyrics by Bret McKenzie** "Real in Rio" from Rio – Music by Sérgio Mendes and Carlinhos Brown; Lyrics by Siedah Garrett
Best Sound Editing Hugo – Philip Stockton and Eugene Gearty Drive – Lon Bender and Victor Ray Ennis The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo – Ren Klyce Transformers: Dark of the Moon – Ethan Van der Ryn and Erik Aadahl War Horse – Richard Hymns and Gary Rydstrom	Best Sound Mixing Hugo – Tom Fleischman and John Midgley The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo – David Parker, Michael Semanick, Ren Klyce and Bo Persson Moneyball – Deb Adair, Ron Bochar, David Giammarco, and Ed Novick Transformers: Dark of the Moon – Greg P. Russell, Gary Summers, Jeffrey J. Haboush, and Peter J. Devlin War Horse – Gary Rydstrom, Andy Nelson, Tom Johnson, and Stuart Wilson
Best Art Direction Hugo – Art Direction: Dante Ferretti; Set Decoration: Francesca Lo Schiavo The Artist – Art Direction: Laurence Bennett; Set Decoration: Robert Gould Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 – Art Direction: Stuart Craig; Set Decoration: Stephenie McMillan Midnight in Paris – Art Direction: Anne Seibel; Set Decoration: Hélène Dubreuil War Horse – Art Direction: Rick Carter; Set Decoration: Lee Sandales	Best Cinematography Hugo – Robert Richardson The Artist – Guillaume Schiffman The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo – Jeff Cronenweth The Tree of Life – Emmanuel Lubezki War Horse – Janusz Kamiński
Best Makeup The Iron Lady – Mark Coulier and J. Roy Helland Albert Nobbs – Martial Corneville, Lynn Johnson, and Matthew W. Mungle Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 – Nick Dudman, Amanda Knight, and Lisa Tomblin	Best Costume Design The Artist – Mark Bridges Anonymous – Lisy Christl Hugo – Sandy Powell Jane Eyre – Michael O'Connor W.E. – Arianne Phillips
Best Film Editing The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo – Angus Wall and Kirk Baxter The Artist – Anne-Sophie Bion and Michel Hazanavicius The Descendants – Kevin Tent Hugo – Thelma Schoonmaker Moneyball – Christopher Tellefsen	Best Visual Effects Hugo – Robert Legato, Joss Williams, Ben Grossmann, and Alex Henning Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 – Tim Burke, David Vickery, Greg Butler, and John Richardson Real Steel – Erik Nash, John Rosengrant, Dan Taylor, and Swen Gillberg Rise of the Planet of the Apes – Joe Letteri, Dan Lemmon, R. Christopher White, and Daniel Barrett Transformers: Dark of the Moon – Scott Farrar, Scott Benza, Matthew E. Butler, and John Frazier

Honorary Academy Awards

The Academy held its 3rd Annual Governors Awards ceremony on November 12, 2011, during which the following awards were presented.^[8]^[20]

Academy Honorary Award

James Earl Jones — For his legacy of consistent excellence and uncommon versatility.

Dick Smith — For his unparalleled mastery of texture, shade, form, and illusion.

Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award

Oprah Winfrey

Films with multiple nominations and awards

The following 18 films received multiple nominations:

Nominations	Film
11	Hugo
10	The Artist
6	Moneyball
6	War Horse
5	The Descendants
5	The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo
4	The Help
4	Midnight in Paris
3	Albert Nobbs
	Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2
	Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy
	Transformers: Dark of the Moon
	The Tree of Life
2	Bridesmaids
	Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close
	The Iron Lady
	My Week with Marilyn
	A Separation

The following three films received multiple awards:

Awards	Film
5	The Artist
5	Hugo
2	The Iron Lady

Presenters and performers

The following individuals, listed in order of appearance, presented awards or performed musical numbers.^[21]

Presenters

Name(s)	Role
Melissa Disney Tom Kane	Announcers for the 84th annual Academy Awards
Morgan Freeman	Presenter of the opening montage
Tom Hanks	Presenter of the awards for Best Cinematography and Best Art Direction
Cameron Diaz Jennifer Lopez	Presenters of the awards for Best Costume Design and Best Makeup
Sandra Bullock	Presenter of the award for Best Foreign Language Film
Christian Bale	Presenter of the award for Best Supporting Actress
Bradley Cooper Tina Fey	Presenters of the awards for Best Film Editing, Best Sound Editing, and Best Sound Mixing
Kermit the Frog Miss Piggy	Introducers of the performance by Cirque du Soleil
Robert Downey Jr. Gwyneth Paltrow	Presenters of the award for Best Documentary Feature
Chris Rock	Presenter of the award for Best Animated Feature Film
Ben Stiller Emma Stone	Presenters of the award for Best Visual Effects
Melissa Leo	Presenter of the award for Best Supporting Actor
Tom Sherak (AMPAS President)	Special presentation congratulating host Billy Crystal and producers Brian Grazer and Don Mischer
Penélope Cruz Owen Wilson	Presenters of the award for Best Original Score
Will Ferrell Zach Galifianakis	Presenters of the award for Best Original Song
Angelina Jolie	Presenter of the awards for Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Original Screenplay
Milla Jovovich	Presenter of the segment of the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement and the Gordon E. Sawyer Award
Rose Byrne Ellie Kemper Melissa McCarthy Wendi McLendon-Covey Maya Rudolph Kristen Wiig	Presenters of the awards for Best Live Action Short Film, Best Documentary Short Subject, and Best Animated Short Film
Michael Douglas	Presenter of the award for Best Director
Meryl Streep	Presenter of the segment of the Honorary Academy Awards and the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award
Billy Crystal	Presenter of the In Memoriam tribute
Natalie Portman	Presenter of the award for Best Actor
Colin Firth	Presenter of the award for Best Actress
Tom Cruise	Presenter of the Best Picture segment and the award for Best Picture

Performers

Name(s)	Role	Performed
Peter Asher Ann Marie Calhoun Sheila E. Junkie XL Giorgio Moroder A. R. Rahman Esperanza Spalding Martin Tillman Pharrell Williams Stephane Wrembel Hans Zimmer^[22]	Musical arrangers	Orchestral
Billy Crystal	Performer	Opening number
Cirque du Soleil	Performers	Special performance in a tribute to movie memories
Esperanza Spalding Southern California Children's Chorus	Performers	"What a Wonderful World" during the annual In Memoriam tribute

Ceremony information

Billy Crystal hosted the 84th Academy Awards

Because of the declining viewership of recent Academy Awards ceremonies, the Academy sought ideas to revamp the show while renewing interest with the nominated films. In light of the previous year's telecast, whose performance by co-hosts James Franco and Anne Hathaway yielded critically negative reviews and a 9% decline in viewership, many within the Motion Picture Academy proposed new ways to give the awards a more populist appeal.^[23]^[24] After a two-year experiment with ten Best Pictures nominees, AMPAS president Tom Sherak announced that the number of final nominees can now range from five to ten as opposed a fixed number.^[7] The nomination voting process would be the same as before, through preferential balloting, but now only films that receive a minimum of 5% of total number-one votes are eligible for Best Picture nominations.^[25] Academy then-executive director Bruce Davis explained, "A Best Picture nomination should be an indication of extraordinary merit. If there are only eight pictures that truly earn that honor in a given year, we shouldn't feel an obligation to round out the number."^[26]^[27] Changes in the Best Animated Feature also were announced. In response to the growing number of animated features released per year, the Academy stated in a press release that four to five films would now be nominated per year contingent on how many animated feature films were released in that year.^[28]

Originally, the Academy selected director Brett Ratner as co-producer of the ceremony with Don Mischer in August 2011.^[29] Actor and comedian Eddie Murphy was hired by Ratner to preside over hosting duties.^[30] However, after commenting to radio host Howard Stern during an interview promoting the film Tower Heist that "rehearsal is for fags" and disparaging remarks about actress Olivia Munn, Ratner resigned from his co-producing duties on November 8.^[31]^[32] Murphy subsequently stepped down as host the following day.^[33] Immediately, the Academy selected film producer Brian Grazer to replace Ratner as co-producer.^[34] Actor and veteran Oscar emcee Billy Crystal was recruited by Grazer to take over hosting duties.^[35]

Multiple others participated in the production of the ceremony. Musicians Hans Zimmer and Pharrell Williams composed new music exclusive to the Oscars ceremony, which was later released as an album via the iTunes Store.^[22]^[36] Oscar-winning production designer John Myhre designed a new stage for the ceremony.^[37] Director Bennett Miller filmed several vignettes featuring actors discussing movie memories and the business of filmmaking.^[38]Cirque du Soleil, who was concurrently renting the Hollywood and Highland Center for their show Iris, performed a dance number at the ceremony inspired by their aforementioned show.^[39] Unlike most Oscar ceremonies, however, Grazer and Mischer announced that neither of the two songs nominated for Best Original Song would be performed live.^[40]

Box office performance of nominated films

For the first time since 2008, only one of the nominees for Best Picture had grossed over $100 million before the nominations were announced (compared with three from the previous year).^[41]^[42] The combined gross of the nine Best Picture nominees when the Oscars were announced was $518 million with an average gross of $57.7 million per film.^[43]

None of the nine Best Picture nominees was among the top ten releases in box office during the nominations. When the nominations were announced on January 24, 2012, The Help was the highest-grossing film among the Best Picture nominees with $169.6 million in domestic box office receipts. Among the remaining eight nominees, Moneyball was the second-highest-grossing film with $75.5 million; this was followed by War Horse ($72.3 million), Midnight in Paris ($56.4 million), Hugo ($55.9 million), The Descendants ($51.3 million), The Tree of Life ($13.3 million), The Artist ($12.1 million) and Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close ($10.7 million).^[44]

Of the top 50 grossing movies of the year, 36 nominations went to 15 films on the list. Only The Help (13th), Bridesmaids (14th), Kung Fu Panda 2 (15th), Puss in Boots (16th), Rango (22nd), The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (28th), Moneyball (43rd), and War Horse (46th) were nominated for Best Picture, Best Animated Feature or any of the directing, acting or screenwriting awards.^[45] The other top 50 box office hits that earned nominations were Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (1st), Transformers: Dark of the Moon (2nd), Rise of the Planet of the Apes (11th), Rio (18th), The Muppets (34th), Real Steel (35th), and The Adventures of Tintin (47th).^[45]

Critical reviews

The show received a mixed reception from media publications. Some media outlets were more critical of the show. Television critic Lori Rackl of the Chicago Sun-Times criticized Crystal's performance saying that the emcee "left his A game at home Sunday. Crystal's mediocre monologue was consistent with a mediocre 84th installment of Hollywood’s biggest awards ceremony.^[46] Columnist Tim Goodman of The Hollywood Reporter quipped that "Somewhere, against all odds, James Franco is buying drinks for everybody." He went on to say that the previous year's critically panned telecast was eclipsed by Crystal's dull antics and that the show itself was "poorly paced as any in recent memory."^[47]Alessandra Stanley of The New York Times lamented, "The whole night looked like an AARP pep rally." She also noted that, "For a town that prides itself on tinsel and titillation, the night was pretty tame."^[48]

Other media outlets received the broadcast more positively. Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly commented that despite the ceremony running over three hours and honoring films that had earned modest box office numbers, "it was a jolly good show." He also praised the cast and several sketches and segments from the show.^[49] Film critic Roger Ebert lauded Crystal's performance saying "As probably the most popular Oscar emcee, he astonished the audience by topping himself." Of the show itself, Ebert added that it was "an unqualified improvement" over the previous year's ceremony.^[50]Associated Press critic Frazier Moore pointed out that Crystal's performance "was nothing new or unexpected in his act", but he extolled him for stewarding "a sleek and entertaining Oscarcast."^[51]

Ratings and reception

The American telecast on ABC drew in an average of 39.46 million people over its length, which was a 4% increase from the previous year's ceremony.^[5]^[52] An estimated 76.56 million total viewers watched all or part of the awards.^[53] The show also earned higher Nielsen ratings compared to the previous ceremony with 23.91% of households watching over a 37.64 share. However the program scored a sightly lower 18-49 demo rating with an 11.67 rating over a 32.68 share among viewers in that demographic, essentially flat with last year's numbers.^[54] Many media outlets pointed out that the 54th Grammy Awards held two weeks earlier drew a larger audience with an average 39.92 million people watching.^[55]^[56]

In July 2012, the ceremony presentation received eight nominations at the 64th Primetime Emmys.^[57] Two months later, the ceremony won one of those nominations for Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Variety Series or Special (Paul Sandweiss, Tommy Vicari, Pablo Munguia, Kristian Pedregon, Bob Lamasney, Brian Riordan, Thomas Pesa, Michael Parker, Josh Morton, Patrick Baltzell, Larry Reed, and John Perez).^[58]

In Memoriam

The annual In Memoriam tribute, was presented by host Billy Crystal. Singer Esperanza Spalding performed the Louis Armstrong song "What a Wonderful World" alongside the Southern California Children's Chorus during the tribute.^[59]^[60]

Jane Russell - Actress

Annie Girardot - Actress

John Calley - Executive Producer

Polly Platt - Production Designer, Producer

Ken Russell - Producer, Writer, Actor

Donald Peterman - Cinemagrapher

Farley Granger - Actor

Whitney Houston - Actress, Singer

Bingham Ray - Executive

Takuo Miyagishima - Design Engineer

Bert Schneider - Producer

Michael Cacoyannis - Director, Writer, Producer

David Z. Goodman - Writer

James Rodnunsky - Engineer

Peter E. Berger - Film Editor

Jack J. Hayes - Composer, Arranger

Peter Falk - Actor

Cliff Robertson - Actor

Laura Ziskin - Producer, Humanitarian

Sidney Lumet - Director, Producer, Screenwriter

Sue Mengers - Talent Agent

Steve Jobs - Executive

George Kuchar - Experimental Filmmaker

Hal Kanter - Writer, Director

Theadora Van Runkle - Costume Designer

Tim Hetherington - Documentarian

Gene Cantamessa - Sound

Gary Winick - Director, Producer

Bill Varney - Sound Mixer

Jackie Cooper - Actor, Director

Gilbert Cates - Director, Producer

Richard Leacock - Documentarian

James M. Roberts - Academy Executive Director

Marion Dougherty - Casting Director

Norman Corwin - Writer, Producer

Paul John Haggar - Post Production Executive

Joseph Farell - Marketing Research

Ben Gazzara - Actor, Director

Elizabeth Taylor - Actress

Notes

a^a1 ^a2 Kodak ended its naming rights deal prior to the ceremony, and was temporarily renamed "Hollywood and Highland Center" for the ceremony.^[61] The theater was later named Dolby Theatre on May 1, 2012.^[62]

b^ :If the color sequences in Schindler's List are taken into consideration, The Artist becomes the first completely black-and-white film to win Best Picture since 1960's The Apartment.^[63]

c^ :In July 2012, the Academy revoked the Best Live Action Short Film nomination for Tuba Atlantic after the organization learned that the film was broadcast on television in 2010.^[64]

References

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^ ^a^b Gallo, Phil (February 29, 2012). "Hans Zimmer's Oscar Music Spawns New Album". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. Archived from the original on May 1, 2012. Retrieved April 23, 2013.

^ Gleiberman, Owen (June 17, 2011). "The Oscars rejiggered AGAIN? The more this show changes, the more it loses its identity". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on June 2, 2013. Retrieved April 29, 2013.

^ Greenburg, Zack O'Malley (February 27, 2011). "James Franco, Anne Hathaway, and the Convergence of Oscar and Grammy". Forbes. Archived from the original on June 20, 2013. Retrieved April 29, 2013.

^ Young, John (January 24, 2012). "Best Picture Oscar: So why are there nine nominees?". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on May 3, 2013. Retrieved April 19, 2013.

^ Singer, Matt (June 15, 2011). "An Idiot's Guide To The New Academy Award Rules". IFC. Archived from the original on May 10, 2013. Retrieved April 19, 2013.

^ Cieply, Michael (June 15, 2011). "New Rules to Set Field for Chasing Top Oscar". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 19, 2012. Retrieved April 19, 2013.

^ Pomerantz, Dorothy (June 15, 2011). "Five Films to Compete for Best Picture ... Or Maybe Eight". Forbes. Archived from the original on June 20, 2013. Retrieved April 19, 2013.

^ Sperling, Nicole (August 5, 2011). "Brett Ratner chosen to produce 2012 Oscar telecast". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 4, 2013. Retrieved April 24, 2013.

^ Cieply, Michael; Brooks Barnes (September 6, 2011). "Eddie Murphy to Host the Oscars". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 1, 2013. Retrieved April 24, 2013.

^ Rottenberg, Josh (November 7, 2011). "Brett Ratner apologizes for lying about Olivia Munn, use of gay slur". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on May 24, 2013. Retrieved June 14, 2013.

^ "Academy Statement Regarding Brett Ratner". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. AMPAS. November 8, 2011. Archived from the original on January 27, 2013. Retrieved April 27, 2012.

^ "Eddie Murphy quits Oscars after Brett Ratner exit". BBC News. November 9, 2011. Archived from the original on April 25, 2015. Retrieved January 2, 2012.

^ Sperling, Nicole (November 10, 2011). "Brian Grazer to produce the Oscars". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 4, 2013. Retrieved April 24, 2013.

^ Kennedy, Lisa (November 10, 2011). "Billy Crystal Returns to Oscar, Oscar, Oscar". The Denver Post. Archived from the original on May 12, 2013. Retrieved April 24, 2013.

^ Brown, August (February 24, 2012). "The Oscars: Hans Zimmer and Pharrell Williams know the score for the telecast -- they wrote it". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on February 27, 2012. Retrieved March 6, 2012.

^ Ford, Rebecca (November 17, 2011). "John Myhre Named Oscar Production Designer". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on December 25, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2013.

^ Finke, Nikki (February 24, 2012). "UPDATE: Sacha Baron Cohen Coming To Oscars As 'The Dictator' After Ban Lifted: "Academy Have Surrendered"; Set-Up?". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on April 2, 2013. Retrieved April 30, 2013.

^ Beard, Lanford (February 17, 2012). "Cirque du Soleil to perform at Oscars, yet still no Muppets...who would YOU rather see? -- Poll". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on May 7, 2013. Retrieved April 23, 2013.

^ Ryzik, Melena. "Will Neither Man Nor Muppet Sing at the Oscars". The New York Timesdate= February 8, 2012. Archived from the original on April 3, 2013. Retrieved April 30, 2013.

^ Sudman, Peter (January 25, 2012). "Oscar snubs box-office hits, salutes Hollywood". Washington Times. Archived from the original on January 28, 2012. Retrieved April 27, 2012.

^ Bowles, Scott (February 8, 2012). "Blockbusters left out of the best-picture Oscar race". USA Today. Archived from the original on October 5, 2013. Retrieved April 30, 2012.

^ "2011 Academy Awards Nominations and Winner for Best Picture". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on May 10, 2013. Retrieved May 15, 2013.

^ Kaufman, Amy (January 25, 2012). "Oscars 2012: 'The Help' has biggest box office among nominees". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 27, 2012. Retrieved January 25, 2012.

^ ^a^b "2011 Oscar nominations and wins by movie". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on January 26, 2012. Retrieved April 27, 2012.

^ Rackl, Lori (February 27, 2012). "Enough with Billy Crystal's fluff songs". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on October 4, 2013.

^ Goodman, Tim (February 27, 2012). "Review: Oscars Become Badly Paced Bore-fest". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on May 21, 2012. Retrieved April 23, 2012.

^ Stanley, Alessandra (February 27, 2012). "Even the Jokes Have Wrinkles". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 13, 2012. Retrieved April 25, 2013.

^ Tucker, Ken (February 27, 2012). "Academy Awards show review: Oscars in good hands with Billy Crystal... and Christopher Guest, and Emma Stone, and Angelina Jolie's leg". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on May 3, 2013. Retrieved April 19, 2013.

^ Ebert, Roger (February 26, 2012). ""The Artist" and "Hugo": A very French Oscars". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on June 2, 2013.

^ Moore, Frazier (February 27, 2012). "TV Review: Billy Crystal returns to host a winning Oscarcast". Florida Times-Union. Associated Press. Archived from the original on October 12, 2013. Retrieved April 19, 2013.

^ de Moraes, Lisa (February 27, 2012). "Oscars 2012 ratings: About 39 million viewers, slightly up from last year". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 28, 2012. Retrieved April 26, 2012.

^ Gorman, Bill (February 27, 2012). ""Academy Awards" Broadcast Draws its 2nd-Biggest Audience Since 2007". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 14, 2012. Retrieved April 26, 2012.

^ Motivich, Matt Webb (September 23, 2012). "Ratings: Oscars Inch Up Versus Last Year, Celebrity Apprentice Hits All-Time Low". TVLine. Archived from the original on October 4, 2013. Retrieved April 24, 2013.

^ Hibberd, James (February 27, 2012). "Oscars ratings rise, but Grammys shined brighter". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on May 2, 2012. Retrieved April 29, 2012.

^ Carter, Bill (February 27, 2012). "Slight Rise in Oscar Ratings, but Not Among the Coveted Younger Viewers". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved April 30, 2013.

^ Finke, Nikki (July 19, 2012). "2012 Emmy Nominations: Breaking". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on April 18, 2015.

^ Finke, Nikki; Nellie Andreeva (September 15, 2012). "Creative Arts Emmys 2012 Winners". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on January 16, 2013. Retrieved April 29, 2013.

^ Downey, Ryan J. (February 27, 2012). "Whitney Houston, Elizabeth Taylor Remembered At Oscars". MTV. Viacom Media Networks. Archived from the original on May 18, 2012. Retrieved February 27, 2012.

^ Burson, Jeff (February 28, 2012). "Oscar's Obit Reel: Who Was Left Off?". The Birmingham News. Advance Publications. Archived from the original on November 17, 2012. Retrieved September 23, 2012.

^ Block, Ben (February 22, 2012). "Oscars Will Drop References to Kodak Theatre". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. Archived from the original on May 21, 2012. Retrieved May 3, 2013.

^ Block, Ben (May 1, 2012). "Academy Awards to Stay in Hollywood at Newly Named Dolby Theatre". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved May 3, 2013.

^ Persall, Steve (February 27, 2012). "Oscar ratings: Billy Crystal's return can't overcome big night for art flicks". Tampa Bay Times. Times Publishing Company. Archived from the original on October 13, 2012. Retrieved September 23, 2012.

^ Breznican, Anthony (January 30, 2014). "'Alone Yet Not Alone': The other nominees who had their Oscars revoked". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. Archived from the original on April 3, 2014. Retrieved April 16, 2014.

External links

Official websites

Academy Awards Official website

The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Official website

Oscar's Channel at YouTube (run by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences)

News resources

Oscars 2012 BBC News

Oscars Hub 2012 Empire

Oscars 2012 The Guardian

Analysis

2011 Academy Awards Winners and History Filmsite

Academy Awards, USA: 2012 Internet Movie Database

Other resources

84th Academy Awards show – slideshow by The Indianapolis Star

The 84th Annual Academy Awards on IMDb

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[NYT_New_Oscar_rules-27] Cieply, Michael (June 15, 2011). "New Rules to Set Field for Chasing Top Oscar". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 19, 2012. Retrieved April 19, 2013.

[28] Pomerantz, Dorothy (June 15, 2011). "Five Films to Compete for Best Picture ... Or Maybe Eight". Forbes. Archived from the original on June 20, 2013. Retrieved April 19, 2013.

[29] Sperling, Nicole (August 5, 2011). "Brett Ratner chosen to produce 2012 Oscar telecast". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 4, 2013. Retrieved April 24, 2013.

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[32] "Academy Statement Regarding Brett Ratner". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. AMPAS. November 8, 2011. Archived from the original on January 27, 2013. Retrieved April 27, 2012.

[33] "Eddie Murphy quits Oscars after Brett Ratner exit". BBC News. November 9, 2011. Archived from the original on April 25, 2015. Retrieved January 2, 2012.

[34] Sperling, Nicole (November 10, 2011). "Brian Grazer to produce the Oscars". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 4, 2013. Retrieved April 24, 2013.

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[Hans_Zimmer_Music-36] Brown, August (February 24, 2012). "The Oscars: Hans Zimmer and Pharrell Williams know the score for the telecast -- they wrote it". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on February 27, 2012. Retrieved March 6, 2012.

[37] Ford, Rebecca (November 17, 2011). "John Myhre Named Oscar Production Designer". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on December 25, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2013.

[38] Finke, Nikki (February 24, 2012). "UPDATE: Sacha Baron Cohen Coming To Oscars As 'The Dictator' After Ban Lifted: "Academy Have Surrendered"; Set-Up?". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on April 2, 2013. Retrieved April 30, 2013.

[39] Beard, Lanford (February 17, 2012). "Cirque du Soleil to perform at Oscars, yet still no Muppets...who would YOU rather see? -- Poll". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on May 7, 2013. Retrieved April 23, 2013.

[40] Ryzik, Melena. "Will Neither Man Nor Muppet Sing at the Oscars". The New York Timesdate= February 8, 2012. Archived from the original on April 3, 2013. Retrieved April 30, 2013.

[41] Sudman, Peter (January 25, 2012). "Oscar snubs box-office hits, salutes Hollywood". Washington Times. Archived from the original on January 28, 2012. Retrieved April 27, 2012.

[42] Bowles, Scott (February 8, 2012). "Blockbusters left out of the best-picture Oscar race". USA Today. Archived from the original on October 5, 2013. Retrieved April 30, 2012.

[43] "2011 Academy Awards Nominations and Winner for Best Picture". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on May 10, 2013. Retrieved May 15, 2013.

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[46] Rackl, Lori (February 27, 2012). "Enough with Billy Crystal's fluff songs". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on October 4, 2013.

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[48] Stanley, Alessandra (February 27, 2012). "Even the Jokes Have Wrinkles". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 13, 2012. Retrieved April 25, 2013.

[49] Tucker, Ken (February 27, 2012). "Academy Awards show review: Oscars in good hands with Billy Crystal... and Christopher Guest, and Emma Stone, and Angelina Jolie's leg". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on May 3, 2013. Retrieved April 19, 2013.

[50] Ebert, Roger (February 26, 2012). ""The Artist" and "Hugo": A very French Oscars". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on June 2, 2013.

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[zapratings-53] Gorman, Bill (February 27, 2012). ""Academy Awards" Broadcast Draws its 2nd-Biggest Audience Since 2007". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 14, 2012. Retrieved April 26, 2012.

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[57] Finke, Nikki (July 19, 2012). "2012 Emmy Nominations: Breaking". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on April 18, 2015.

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[59] Downey, Ryan J. (February 27, 2012). "Whitney Houston, Elizabeth Taylor Remembered At Oscars". MTV. Viacom Media Networks. Archived from the original on May 18, 2012. Retrieved February 27, 2012.

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[62] Block, Ben (May 1, 2012). "Academy Awards to Stay in Hollywood at Newly Named Dolby Theatre". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved May 3, 2013.

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